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Recognition of early Carboniferous alkaline granite in the southern Altai orogen: post-orogenic processes constrained by U–Pb zircon ages, Nd isotopes, and geochemical data

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Abstract

The Altai orogen forms the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the world’s largest accretionary orogen. However, its tectonic evolution, particularly during the late Paleozoic, is still not well understood. U–Pb zircon analyses for the Bulgen alkaline granite yield crystallization ages of 358 ± 4 Ma (SHRIMP) and 354 ± 4 Ma (LA-ICP-MS). These ages are significantly younger than published emplacement ages for subduction/collision-related syn-orogenic granitoids (460–375 Ma) in this region. The Bulgen granite has high SiO2, total alkalis, rare earth elements, HFSE (Th, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ce), and low Ba, Sr with pronounced negative anomalies in Eu, Ba, Sr, P, and Ti, showing a clear A-type geochemical signature. The granite records high εNd(t) values of +6.3 to +6.4 and young model ages (T DM) of ca. 600 Ma. The Bulgen alkaline granite is largely undeformed as opposed to the early-middle Paleozoic counterparts, which form elongated deformed bodies parallel to the prevailing tectonic fabric (NW direction). Available data suggest that magmatism in the southern Altai region evolved from early-middle Paleozoic I-type tholeiitic and calc-alkaline granitoids to late Paleozoic A-type alkaline granitoids. The high εNd(t) values of the Bulgen alkaline granite indicate a homogeneous juvenile mantle source, whereas the early-middle Paleozoic granitoids are characterized by lower and more variable εNd(t) values (−2.6 to +4.2). These differences provide an important insight into the late Paleozoic orogenic processes of the Chinese Altai and indicate a significant change of the tectonic regime from a syn-orogenic regional compression setting to a post-orogenic extensional one. Major tectonic movements in this region ceased after the early Carboniferous.

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Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Tom Andersen, Bor-Ming Jahn, E. Hegner, G.C. Zhao, and H.F. Zhang for their constructive and helpful comments. This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grant 40702010), the Chinese National 973 Program (2007CB411307), the Basic Outlay of Scientific Research Work from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (J0709, J0906) and the China Geological Survey Project (1212010611803, 1212010611817). We also thank Z.Q. Yan, H. Zhou, and X.M. Liu for laboratory assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Baiwanzhuang Road 26, Beijing, 100037, China

    Ying Tong, Tao Wang & Da-Wei Hong

  2. Institute of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany

    Ying Tong & Wolfgang Siebel

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China

    Min Sun

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  3. Wolfgang Siebel
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  4. Da-Wei Hong
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  5. Min Sun
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Correspondence to Ying Tong.

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Tong, Y., Wang, T., Siebel, W. et al. Recognition of early Carboniferous alkaline granite in the southern Altai orogen: post-orogenic processes constrained by U–Pb zircon ages, Nd isotopes, and geochemical data. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 101, 937–950 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-011-0700-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-011-0700-0

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