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Biotite and muscovite 40Ar–39Ar geochronological constraints on the post-Svecofennian tectonothermal evolution, Forsmark site, central Sweden

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Abstract

In order to characterize the post-Svecofennian tectonothermal evolution of the Fennoscandian Shield, 40Ar–39Ar biotite and some 40Ar–39Ar muscovite geochronological data are reported from a total of 30 surface outcrop and 1,000 m long borehole samples at Forsmark, central Sweden. The 13 surface samples were collected across 3 branches of a major WNW to NW trending system of deformation zones, whereas the boreholes were drilled within a tectonic lens, in between two of these zones. The 40Ar–39Ar biotite ages indicate that the present erosion surface, in central Sweden, cooled below c. 300°C at 1.73–1.66 Ga, and that the rocks could have accommodated strain in a brittle manner between 1.8 and 1.7 Ga. The variation in surface ages is suggested to be due to fault along the large WNW to NW trending deformation zones, following the establishment of a sub-Cambrian peneplain. The minor variation of ages within a single crustal block may be due to disturbance along ENE to NNE trending fracture zones. Possible cooling paths, derived from 40Ar–39Ar hornblende, muscovite and biotite ages, were calculated for the time interval from 1.80 to 1.67 Ga, when the area cooled from c. 500 to 300°C. Cooling rates of 1.9–4°C/m.y. have been attained. Between 1.68 and 1.64 Ga, uplift rates of c. 22 m/m.y. were calculated from borehole 40Ar–39Ar biotite data. Tectonothermal histories, inferred from the combined cooling and uplift rates, are related to simple cooling after the Svecofennian orogeny, to crustal movement in response to far-field effects of c. 1.7 Ga orogenic activities further to the west or to a combination of these possibilities.

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Acknowledgments

Jan Wijbrans and Bernard Bingen are thanked for valuable comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to Ulf Söderlund who kindly commented on an early version of the manuscript. We greatly appreciate the assistance provided by the personnel at the SKB drill-core facilities who helped to supply the selected samples from boreholes. The project was funded by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) and Lund University. All SKB company reports, referred to in the text, can be downloaded from the SKB website (www.skb.se).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62, Lund, Sweden

    Pia Söderlund, Tobias Hermansson & Laurence M. Page

  2. Geological Survey of Sweden, Box 670, 751 28, Uppsala, Sweden

    Michael B. Stephens

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  1. Pia Söderlund
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  2. Tobias Hermansson
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Correspondence to Pia Söderlund.

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Söderlund, P., Hermansson, T., Page, L.M. et al. Biotite and muscovite 40Ar–39Ar geochronological constraints on the post-Svecofennian tectonothermal evolution, Forsmark site, central Sweden. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 98, 1835–1851 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0346-8

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