Abstract
We make a qualitative comparison of phenomena occurring in two different geometric flows: the harmonic map heat flow in two space dimensions and the Yang–Mills heat flow in four space dimensions. Our results are a regularity result for the degree-2 equivariant harmonic map flow, and a blow-up result for an equivariant Yang–Mills-like flow. The results show that qualitatively differing behaviours observed in the two flows can be attributed to the degree of the equivariance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cazenave T., Shatah J. and Tavildah-Zadeh A.S. (1998). Harmonic maps of the hyperbolic space and development of singularities in wave maps and Yang–Mills fields. Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré (Physique théorique) 68: 315–349
Chang K.-C., Ding W.-Y. and Ye R. (1992). Finite-time blow-up of the heat flow of harmonic maps from surfaces. J. Differ. Geom. 36: 507–515
Chang, K.-C., Ding, W.-Y.: A result on the global existence for heat flows of harmonic maps from D 2 into S 2. In: Coron, J.-M., Ghidaglia, J.-M., Hélein, F (eds.) Nematics. Defects, Singularities And Patterns in Nematic Liquid Crystals: Mathematical And Physical Aspects. In: Proceedings of NATO Advance Research Workshop, Orsay, France, May 28–June 1, 1990. NATO ASI Series, Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol 332. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1990)
Chen Y. and Ding W.-Y. (1990). Blow-up and global existence of heat flow of harmonic maps. Invent. Math. 99: 567–578
Coron J.-M. and Ghidaglia J.-M. (1989). Explosion en temps fini pour le flot des applications harmoniques. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. I 308: 339–344
Donaldson S.K., Kronheimer P.B. (1990) The Geometry of Four-Manifolds. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Dumitrascu O. (1982). Soluţii echivariante ale ecuaţiilor Yang–Mills. Stud. Cerc. Mat. 34: 329–333
Eells J. and Lemaire L. (1978). A report on harmonic map. Bull. London Math. Soc. 10: 1–68
Eells J. and Lemaire L. (1988). Another report on harmonic map. Bull. London Math. Soc. 20: 385–524
Eells J. and Sampson J.H. (1964). Harmonic mappings of Riemannian manifolds. Am. J. Math. 86: 109–160
Grotowski J.F. (1993). Harmonic map heat flow for axially symmetric data. Manus. Math. 73: 207–228
Grotowski J.F. (2001). Finite time blow-up for the Yang–Mills flow in higher dimensions. Math. Z 237: 321–333
Hélein F. (2002). Harmonic Maps, Conservation Laws and Moving Frames. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Itoh M. (1981). Invariant connections and Yang–Mills solutions. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 267: 229–236
Jost, J.: Harmonic mappings between Riemannian manifolds. In: Proceedings Centre for Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 4. Australian National University Press, Canberra (1984)
Ladyzhenskaya, O.A., Solonnikov, V.A., Ural’tseva, N.N.: Linear and quasilinear equations of parabolic type and variational problems. Translations of Mathematical Monographs 23: American Mathematical Society, Providence (1968)
Karcher H. and Wood J.C. (1984). Non-existence results and growth properties for harmonic maps and forms. J. Reine Angew. Math. 353: 165–180
Kobayashi S. and Nomizu K. (1963). Foundations of Differential Geometry, vol.1. Interscience Publishers, New York
Lemaire L. (1978). Applications harmoniques de surfaces riemanniennes. J. Differ. Geom. 13: 51–78
Naito H. (1994). Finite-time blowing-up for the Yang–Mills gradient flow in higher dimensions. Hokkaido Math. J. 23: 451–464
Råde J. (1992). On the Yang–Mills heat equation in two and three dimensions. J. Reine Angew. Math. 431: 123–163
Schlatter A. (1997). Long time behaviour of the Yang–Mills flow in four dimensions. Anal. Global Anal. Geom. 15: 1–25
Schlatter A., Struwe M. and Tavildah-Zadeh A.S. (1998). Global existence of the equivariant Yang–Mills heat flow in four space dimensions. Am. J. Math. 120: 117–128
Struwe M. (1985). On the evolution of harmonic mappings of Riemannian surfaces. Comment. Math. Helv. 60(4): 558–581
Struwe M. (1988). On the evolution of harmonic maps in higher dimensions. J. Differ. Geom. 28(3): 485–502
Struwe M. (1994). The Yang–Mills flow in four dimensions. Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 2: 123–150
Struwe, M.: Nonlinear partial differential equations in differential geometry. In: Hardt, R. et al (ed) Lectures from the 2nd Summer Geometry Institute Held in July 1992 at Park City, Utah, USA (IAS/Park City Math. Ser. 2, pp. 257–339). American Mathematical Society, Providence (1996)
Topping P. (2004). Repulsion and quantization in almost-harmonic maps and asymptotics of the harmonic map flow. Annals Math. 159: 465–534
Topping, P.: Bubbling of almost-harmonic maps between 2-spheres at points of zero energy density. In: Baird, P. et al (eds.)Variational Problems in Riemannian Geometry: Bubbles, Scans And Geometric Flows. Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations And Their Applications 59, 33–42 (2004)
van den Berg J.B., Hulshof J. and King J.R. (2003). Formal asymptotics of bubbling in the harmonic map heat flow. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 63: 1682–1717
Wilhelmy, L.: Global Equivariant Yang–Mills Connections on the 1 + 4 Dimensional Minkowski Space. Doctoral Dissertation, ETH Zürich (Diss. ETH No. 12155) (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grotowski, J.F., Shatah, J. Geometric evolution equations in critical dimensions. Calc. Var. 30, 499–512 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-007-0100-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-007-0100-2