Abstract
In this paper, the optimal formation control issue with collision avoidance and connectivity assurance is investigated for a class of second-order uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems. First, the neural networks are employed in order to deal with the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the system. Then, an optimal formation control scheme is developed in the framework of the identifier–actor–critic. By constructing a new performance metric function containing collision avoidance and connectivity constraints, it is demonstrated that asymptotic convergence of the tracking error can be achieved under the proposed control scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated by the numerical simulation example.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
References
Ma CQ, Zhang JF (2010) Necessary and sufficient conditions for consensus sability of linear multi-agent systems. IEEE Trans Autom Control 55(5):1263–1268
Li ZK, Wen GH, Duan ZS, Ren W (2015) Designing fully distributed consensus protocols for linear multi-agent systems with directed graphs. IEEE Trans Autom Control 60(4):1152–1157
Li ZK, Ren W, Liu XD, Xie LH (2013) Distributed consensus of linear multi-agent systems with adaptive dynamic protocols. Automatica 49(7):1986–1995
Wang JL, Wang Q, Wu HN, Huang T (2020) Finite time consensus and finite-time \({H_\infty }\) consensus of multi-agent systems under directed topology. IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng 7(3):1619–1632
An LW, Yang GH (2022) Enhancement of opacity for distributed state estimation in cyber-physical systems. Automatica 136:110087
Dong XW, Hu GQ (2016) Time-varying formation control for general linear multi-agent systems with switching directed topologies. Automatica 73:47–55
Jiang W, Wen G, Peng Z, Huang T, Rahmani A (2019) Fully distributed formation-containment control of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems. IEEE Trans Autom Control 64(9):3889–3896
Yan B, Shi P, Lim CC. Robust formation control for nonlinear heterogeneous multiagent systems based on adaptive event-triggered strategy. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASE.2021.3103877
Yang J, Cao G, Chen W, Zhang W (2022) Finite-time formation control of second-order linear multi-agent systems with relative state constraints: a barrier function sliding mode control approach. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 69(3):1253–1256
Marina HG, Jayawardhana B, Cao M (2018) Taming mismatches in inter-agent distances for the formation-motion control of second-order agents. IEEE Trans Autom Control 63(2):449–462
Zhi H, Chen L, Li C, Guo Y (2021) Leader-follower affine formation control of second-order nonlinear uncertain multi-agent systems. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 68(12):3547–3551
Lippay ZS, Hoagg JB (2022) Formation control with time-varying formations, bounded controls, and local collision avoidance. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 30(1):261–276
Wu J, Luo C, Luo Y, Li K. Distributed UAV swarm formation and collision avoidance strategies over fixed and switching topologies. IEEE Trans Cybern. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2021.3132587
Hu J, Zhang H, Liu L, Zhu X, Zhao C, Pan Q (2020) Convergent multiagent formation control with collision avoidance. IEEE Trans Rob 36(6):1805–1818
Huang X, Yan Y, Zhou Y (2017) Underactuated spacecraft formation reconfiguration with collision avoidance. Acta Astronaut 131:166–181
He S, Wang M, Dai S, Luo F (2019) Leader-follower formation control of USVs with prescribed performance and collision avoidance. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 15(1):572–581
Yoo SJ, Park BS (2019) Connectivity preservation and collision avoidance in networked nonholonomic multi-robot formation systems: unified error transformation strategy. Automatica 103:274–281
Peng Z, Wang D, Li T, Han M (2020) Output-feedback cooperative formation maneuvering of autonomous surface vehicles with connectivity preservation and collision avoidance. IEEE Trans Cybern 50(6):2527–2535
Li Y, Zhang J, Tong S. Fuzzy adaptive optimized leader-following formation control for second-order stochastic multi-agent systems. IEEE Trans Ind Inform. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2021.3133927
Jiang L, Jin Z, Qin Z. Distributed optimal formation for uncertain Euler-Lagrange systems with collision avoidance. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II: Express Briefs. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2021.3140141
An LW, Yang GH (2022) Collisions-free distributed optimal coordination for multiple Euler–Lagrangian systems. IEEE Trans Autom Control 67(1):460–467
Chai WW (2007) Synchronization in complex networks of nonlinear dynamical systems. World Scientific, Singapore
Wen GX, Chen CL, Dou H, Yang HL, Liu CF (2019) Formation control with obstacle avoidance of second-order multi-agent systems under directed communication topology. Sci China Inf Sci 62(9):140–153
Yang Y, Liu QD, Yue D, Han QL (2022) Predictor-based neural dynamic surface control for bipartite tracking of a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 33(4):1791–1802
Yang Y, Fan X, Gao W, Yue W, Liu A, Geng S, Wu J (2023) Event-triggered output feedback control for a class of nonlinear systems via disturbance observer and adaptive dynamic programming. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TFUZZ.2023.3245294
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Tian, Z., Li, Y. Optimal formation control for second-order nonlinear MASs with collision avoidance and connectivity assurance. Neural Comput & Applic 36, 7143–7160 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-09451-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-024-09451-1