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Fuzzy-based modeling of thermohydraulic aspect of solar air heater roughened with inclined broken roughness

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Abstract

In this study, inclined broken roughness is experimentally investigated to enhance the thermohydraulic performance of solar air heaters. Current article focuses on a fuzzy-based structure as a substitution method for predicting the thermohydraulic performance. A separated fuzzy inference system for each smooth and roughened plate along with an integrated one designed for both plates was selected as the strategy of modeling. In addition, utilizing temperature and velocity features with their generality in all solar air heaters were suggested as a cutting-edge solution to dominate complexity restrictions of geometrical roughness parameters. Throughout the experiments, triangular membership functions obtained better agreement with experimental data than Gaussian functions except for the friction factor of the roughened plate in the separated method. Sugeno structure demonstrated better forecasting ability than Mamdani. Additionally, Nusselt number showed better applicability in being predicted more easily by the considered fuzzy structures rather than the friction factor. Moreover, the system constructed based on the Gaussian membership function showed higher accuracy in forecasting the roughened plate parameters. The least mean square error of the separated method for the Nusselt number and the friction factor of the smooth plate were 2.5477 × 10−04 and 8.1115 × 10−04, respectively. Furthermore, these values were equal to 2.0218 × 10−04 and 7.5150 × 10−04, for the Nusselt number and friction factor of the roughened plate, respectively. Having considered the thermohydraulic performance, the least mean square error of the separated method was equal to 8.6255 × 10-04. The obtained results approved that the fuzzy method is a significantly efficient method for anticipating the parameters of solar air heaters.

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Abbreviations

A duct :

Cross-sectional area of duct (Aduct = W × H), m2

A p :

Surface area of the collector absorber plate, \({\text{m}}^{2}\)

A pipe :

Cross-sectional area of the pipe, \({\text{m}}^{2}\)

L :

Length of the test section, m

D h :

The equivalent diameter of the air passage = 2WH/(W + H), m

W :

Duct width, m

H :

Duct height, m

α :

Angle of attack, degree

g :

Gap width, m

d :

Center distance of the gap from the side of the duct, m

P :

Pitch of the rib, m

b :

Width of the rib, m

e :

Roughness height, m

g/e :

Relative gap width

e/D h :

Relative roughness height, dimensionless

P/e :

Relative roughness pitch, dimensionless

d/W :

Relative gap position, dimensionless

W/H :

Duct aspect ratio

T i :

Inlet temperature of the air, K

T o :

Outlet temperature of the air, K

\(\overline{T}_{p}\) :

Mean temperature of the absorber plate, K

\(\overline{T}_{f}\) :

Bulk mean temperature of the air through the duct, K

\(c_{p}\) :

Specific heat of air at constant pressure, kJ kg−1 K−1

μ :

Viscosity, kg m−1 s−1

ν :

Kinematic viscosity, m2 s−1

k :

Thermal conductivity of air, W m−1 K−1

V pipe :

Velocity of air through the pipe, m s−1

V test section :

Velocity of air through the test section, m s−1

Re:

Reynolds number

\(\overline{f}\) :

Experimental friction factor

h L :

Heat transfer coefficient through the test section, W m−2 K

NuL :

Nusselt number through the test section

Δ P :

Pressure drop through the test section of the absorber plate, Pa

ρ pipe :

Density of air through the pipe, kg m−3

ρ test section :

Density of air through the test section, kg m−3

\(\overline{{{\text{Nu}}}}_{r}\) :

Average Nusselt number of roughened duct

\(\overline{{{\text{Nu}}}}_{s}\) :

Average Nusselt number of smooth duct

\(\overline{f}_{r}\) :

Average friction factor of roughened duct

\(\overline{f}_{s}\) :

Average friction factor of smooth duct

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate, Kg s−1

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Useful heat gain, W

η :

Thermohydraulic performance

N :

Number of data points

X :

Set

a,b,c :

Scalar parameters of triangular membership function

A :

Fuzzy set

μ A (x) :

Membership function

σ :

Variance of the Gaussian membership function

c :

Average of the Gaussian membership function

\(A_{{nL_{n} }}\) :

Fuzzy set for the xn variable

e i :

Error

a i :

Actual data

p i :

Predicted data

X normilized :

Normalized variable

X min :

Minimum input variable

X max :

Maximum input variable

MSE:

Mean square error

MRE:

Mean relative error

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    H. Rahmati Aidinlou

  2. Mechanical Engineering of Biosystem, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Ali M. Nikbakht

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Rahmati Aidinlou, H., Nikbakht, A.M. Fuzzy-based modeling of thermohydraulic aspect of solar air heater roughened with inclined broken roughness. Neural Comput & Applic 34, 2393–2412 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06547-w

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