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Utilization of computational intelligence approaches to estimate the relative head of PK-Weir for submerged flow

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Abstract

The piano key weir (PK-Weir) is a hydraulic structure used in the irrigation system by its construction on artificial or natural channels such as rivers or irrigation canals, it may be in the submerged state due to an increase in flow or an obstacle downstream of the PK-Weir. Therefore, this type of weir has been the subject of several experimental studies in order to understand the phenomenon of streaming flow on the weir, which led to the development of empirical relationships describing the effects of streaming flow on hydraulic performance. Experimental studies are essential for the design of weirs, but they require a lot of time to collect a real database. The main objective of this paper is to predict the relative head of PK-Weir for submerged flow using artificial neural networks. To do this, we have used the results of our experimental study to develop a neural model. The results obtained were very satisfactory with very acceptable errors (RMSE = 0.0133 and MAE = 0.0066). In addition, a comparative study was made between empirical relationships and the developed model. The results of this comparative study showed a good agreement.

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Abbreviations

B :

Upstream–downstream length of the PK-Weir (cm)

B 0 :

Upstream (outlet key) overhang crest length (cm)

B i :

Downstream (inlet key) overhang crest length (cm)

B b :

Base length (cm)

C W :

Flow coefficient (−)

g :

Gravity acceleration (cm/s2)

H u :

Total upstream head (cm)

H d :

Total downstream head (cm)

H o :

Total upstream head (cm)

h u :

Upstream piezometric head (cm)

h d :

Downstream piezometric head (cm)

h 0 :

Upstream piezometric head (cm)

P i :

Height of the inlet entrance measured from the PK-Weir crest (cm)

P 0 :

Height of the outlet entrance measured from the PK-Weir crest (cm)

Q :

Volumetric discharge (l/s)

V u :

Flow velocity at upstream (cm/s)

V d :

Flow velocity at downstream (cm/s)

V 0 :

Flow velocity at upstream (cm/s)

W T :

Total width of the PK-Weir (cm)

W u :

Width of a PK-Weir unit (cm)

W i :

Inlet key width (sidewall to sidewall) (cm)

W 0 :

Outlet key width (sidewall to sidewall) (cm)

T S :

Sidewall thickness (cm)

L :

Total developed length along the overflowing crest axis (cm)

Z :

Difference between the total upstream head and total downstream head (Z = Hu − Hd) (cm)

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Acknowledgements

The model investigation was supported by Laboratory of Hydraulic planning and Environment, Biskra University, Algeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Hydraulic Planning and Environment, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria

    Faris Belaabed & Ahmed Ouamane

  2. University Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel, Algeria

    Kamel Goudjil & Leila Arabet

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  1. Faris Belaabed
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  2. Kamel Goudjil
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  4. Ahmed Ouamane
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Correspondence to Faris Belaabed.

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Belaabed, F., Goudjil, K., Arabet, L. et al. Utilization of computational intelligence approaches to estimate the relative head of PK-Weir for submerged flow. Neural Comput & Applic 33, 13001–13013 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-05996-7

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