Abstract
Monitoring natural environments is a challenging task on account of their hostile features. The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for data collection is a feasible method since these domains lack any infrastructure. However, further studies are required to handle the data collected for a better modeling of behavior and thus make it possible to forecast impending disasters. In light of this, in this paper an analysis is conducted on the use of data gathered from urban rivers to forecast flooding with a view to reducing the damage it causes. The data were collected by means of a WSN in São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil, which gathered and processed data about the river level and rainfall by means of machine learning techniques and employing chaos theory to model the time series; this meant that the inputs of the machine learning technique were the time series gathered by the WSN modeled on the basis of the immersion theorem. The WSNs were deployed by our group in the city of São Carlos where there have been serious problems caused by floods. After the data interdependence had been established by the immersion theorem, the artificial neural networks were investigated to determine their degree of accuracy in the forecasting models.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support granted by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) process IDs 2012/22550-0, 2014/19076-0 and 2008/58161-1. Also, the authors would like to thank Filipe A. N. Verri for his time and fruitful discussions. The third author would like to acknowledge the Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil and FAPESP process ID 2013/18859-8. Jó Ueyama would like to thank the Office of Naval Research Global for funding part of his research project.
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Furquim, G., Pessin, G., Faiçal, B.S. et al. Improving the accuracy of a flood forecasting model by means of machine learning and chaos theory. Neural Comput & Applic 27, 1129–1141 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-015-1930-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-015-1930-z