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Symptom clusters and predominant symptoms in lymphoma survivorship: a cross-sectional study using trend analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

This study explored symptom clusters (SCs) and predominant symptoms in lymphoma survivorships at least 1 month after treatment.

Methods

A cross-sectional trend study design was adopted. Inclusion criteria were participants who were over the age of 20, diagnosed with lymphoma, and 1 month after treatment concluded. The symptoms were assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale–Lymphoma Subscale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, latent profile analysis (LPA), and comparisons of means and frequencies of each symptom in each SC.

Results

A total of 234 lymphoma survivors completed this study. Three SCs were identified at < 2 and > 5 years and two SCs at 2–5 years. Worrying about getting new symptoms and infections emerged as predominant symptoms across all SCs over time. This study provides insights into the symptom experiences of survivors of lymphoma and highlights the significant role of worry-related symptoms in their survivorship.

Conclusion

Through the use of LPA and a trend study design, we identified distinct SCs in lymphoma survivors, providing valuable insights into their longitudinal symptom experiences. The findings emphasize the complexity of symptomatology in lymphoma survivorship and underscore the importance of employing advanced statistical methods to explore and understand these clusters comprehensively, informing targeted interventions and improved care strategies.

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Data availability

Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan

    I-Tien Lee

  2. Department of Nursing, Da-Yeh University, 168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua, 51591, Taiwan

    Ya-Jung Wang

  3. Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University-Yangming Campus, Taipei City, Taiwan

    Ming-Wei Lin

  4. Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan

    Tzeon-Jye Chiou

  5. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan

    Tzeon-Jye Chiou

  6. School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Chih-Jung Wu

  7. Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

    Chih-Jung Wu

Authors
  1. I-Tien Lee
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  2. Ya-Jung Wang
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  3. Ming-Wei Lin
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  4. Tzeon-Jye Chiou
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  5. Chih-Jung Wu
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Contributions

RN I-Tien Lee worked on the development of the research framework, methodology, contacting the subjects, formal analysis, and writing of the manuscript. Dr. Wang worked on the development of the research framework, formal analysis and investigation, and writing of the manuscript. Dr. Chih-Jung Wu worked on the formal analysis and reviewing and editing of the manuscript. Dr. Tzeon-Jye Chiou and Dr. Lin assisted in the formal analysis and investigation and in reviewing the manuscript. Dr. Chiou and RN Lee contributed to the methodology and transfer of the subjects during the collection of the data.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chih-Jung Wu.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the research review committee of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, which has approved this study (2020–12-021BC).

Consent to participate

Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants.

Consent for publication

The participants signed informed consent forms before joining the study, including regarding the publication of their data.

Competing interests

All authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Lee, IT., Wang, YJ., Lin, MW. et al. Symptom clusters and predominant symptoms in lymphoma survivorship: a cross-sectional study using trend analysis. Support Care Cancer 32, 40 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-023-08249-6

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