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Prevalence and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency among Japanese multiple myeloma patients: a single-center observational study

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Abstract

Purpose

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal metabolism and holds significant importance in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Japanese MM patients and its correlation with clinical outcomes.

Methods

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were assessed in 68 MM patients at a single institution in Japan, analyzing their association with clinical status, laboratory parameters including procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) scores, and overall survival. Additionally, patients with suboptimal 25(OH)D levels received cholecalciferol supplementation (1000 IU/day), and changes in laboratory parameters were monitored.

Results

The median 25(OH)D level was 22 ng/ml, with 32% and 51% of patients exhibiting vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) and insufficiency (20–29 ng/ml), respectively. The 25(OH)D levels were unrelated to sex, age, MM stage, or bone lesions, but the vitamin D–deficient group showed a tendency towards lower HR-QOL scores. Among patients achieving complete remission, vitamin D supplementation increased P1NP, while TRACP-5b remained unchanged. Overall survivals from vitamin D measurement and from MM diagnosis were significantly worse in the vitamin D–deficient group compared to the vitamin D–insufficient/–sufficient group.

Conclusion

The study identified a considerable number of Japanese MM patients with insufficient serum vitamin D levels, with one-third being deficient. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency predicted poor overall survival in Japanese MM patients. Further investigation is required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation can improve the frailty and survival of vitamin D–deficient MM patients.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available upon request to the corresponding author and after appropriate ethical approval.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the registered dietitians at Nishigunma Hospital for providing nutritional guidance to MM patients.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Iryohojin Hoshiiin, 204-1 Nishizen-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 379-2131, Japan

    Atsushi Isoda

  2. Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan

    Atsushi Isoda, Yuri Miyazawa, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Shuhei Kanaya, Keita Nakayama, Masahiro Mihara, Hirono Iriuchishima, Akio Saito, Morio Matsumoto & Morio Sawamura

  3. Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Yuri Miyazawa, Tetsuya Ishikawa & Shuhei Kanaya

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  1. Atsushi Isoda
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Contributions

A. Isoda designed the research study and analyzed data. All authors enrolled patients and performed the research. The first draft of the manuscript was written by A. Isoda and all authors commented on previous versions of manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atsushi Isoda.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All study protocols were reviewed and approved by the ethics review board at Nishigunma Hospital (approval nos. 15-11-04, 16-01-03) and the study was registered to the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000042804).

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All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.

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N/A.

Competing interests

M. Matsumoto received an honorarium from Janssen Pharmaceutical and Sanofi K.K.

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Isoda, A., Miyazawa, Y., Ishikawa, T. et al. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency among Japanese multiple myeloma patients: a single-center observational study. Support Care Cancer 31, 547 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-023-08021-w

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