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Palonosetron (Aloxi®) and dexamethasone for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting in patients receiving multiple-day chemotherapy

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Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of palonosetron combined with dexamethasone in prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving multiple-day chemotherapy and the efficacy of a second dose of palonosetron in treating breakthrough emesis.

Materials and methods

Forty-six patients treated with multiple-day chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies received palonosetron as prophylaxis for CINV on the first day of chemotherapy and dexamethasone throughout the entire period of chemotherapy. If breakthrough emesis occurred, a second dose of palonosetron was administered after 72 h following the first administration. The results were retrospectively compared to group of patients with similar clinical characteristics undergoing similar multiple-day chemotherapy. This group had received single-dose ondansetron as CINV prophylaxis on the first day of chemotherapy plus dexamethasone throughout the entire period of chemotherapy and metoclopramide for breakthrough emesis.

Results

One hundred eighty and 173 chemotherapy cycles were administered in the palonosetron and ondansetron groups, respectively. Nausea and vomiting were absent in 80% of patients of the palonosetron group and 60% of the control group (p < 0.05). In the palonosetron group, 67% of patients who experienced CINV were successfully rescued by a second dose of palonosetron, while in the ondansetron group, only 22% showed a no CINV after metoclopramide treatment (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

The present results appear to be encouraging in terms of complete prophylaxis of CINV and treatment of breakthrough emesis in the setting of multiple-day chemotherapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oncohaematology and BMT Unit, “La Maddalena” Oncology Department, Via San Lorenzo Colli 312/d, 90146, Palermo, Italy

    Maurizio Musso, Renato Scalone, Vincenza Bonanno, Alessandra Crescimanno, Vita Polizzi & Ferdinando Porretto

  2. Scientific Department, Italfarmaco, Via dei Lavoratori 54, 20092, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy

    Carlo Bianchini & Tania Perrone

Authors
  1. Maurizio Musso
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  2. Renato Scalone
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  3. Vincenza Bonanno
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  4. Alessandra Crescimanno
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Correspondence to Maurizio Musso.

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Musso, M., Scalone, R., Bonanno, V. et al. Palonosetron (Aloxi®) and dexamethasone for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting in patients receiving multiple-day chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 17, 205–209 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-008-0510-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-008-0510-5

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