Skip to main content
Log in

Camping programs for children with cancer and their families

  • Special Article
  • Published:
Supportive Care in Cancer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents an introduction to the role of camping programs for children with cancer and their families and a hypothesized theory of action. Nine previously published studies investigating recreation-based summer camps for children with cancer and their families are summarized. Overall, these programs appear to be effective; however, an overall conclusion is difficult to state due to variations in design, heterogeneity of subjects, and differences in the definition of camp programs. The lack of knowledge regarding the efficacy of these programs is identified as the largest deficiency in the current literature on this topic. Future research needs in this area are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adams DW (1992) Parents of children with cancer speak out: problems, needs and sources of help. Candlelighters Childhood Cancer Foundation Canada, April

    Google Scholar 

  2. Allen’s Guide (2002) A guide to oncology camps internationally. http://www.allensguide.com/specialneeds/oncology/. Cited 5 Aug 2003

  3. Allison MT (1992) Play, leisure and quality of life: social scientific perspectives. Kendall/Hunt, Iowa

  4. Andrews FM (1986) Research on the quality of life. Institute for Social Research, Michigan

  5. Andrews FM, Withey SB (1976) Social indicators of well-being: American’s perceptions of life quality. Plenum, New York

  6. Austin DR, Crawford ME (2001) Therapeutic recreation, 3rd edn. Allyn and Bacon, Boston

  7. Balen R, Fielding D, Lewis IJ (1998) An activity week for children with cancer: who wants to go and why? Child Care Hlth Dev 24(2):169–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Barnett LA (1988) Research about leisure. Sagamore, New York

  9. Barr RD, Crockett M, Dawson S, Eves M, Whitton A, Wiernikowski J (2001) Childhood cancer information for the patient and family, 2nd edn, B.C. Decker, Toronto

  10. Ben-Arieh A, Hevener Kaufman N, Bowers AA, Goerge RM, Lee BJ, Aber JL (2001) Measuring and monitoring children’s well-being: social indicators research series, vol. 7. Kluwer, New York

  11. Benson PJ (1987) The relationship between self concept and a summer camping program for children and adolescents who have cancer. J Pediatr Oncol N 4:42–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bernheim J (1995) Quality of life, or qualities of life? A critique, and a plea for emphasized global assessment of QOL. Quality of Life Research 3:155–156

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bluebond-Langner M, Perkel D, Goertzel T, Nelson K, McGeary J (1990) Children’s knowledge of cancer and its treatment: impact of an oncology camp experience. J Pediatrics 116(2):207–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bradlyn AS, Ritchey AK, Harris CV, Moore IM, O’Brien RT, Parsons SK, Patterson K, Pollock BH (1996) Quality of life research in pediatric oncology: Research methods and barriers Cancer. 78(6):1333–1339

  15. Briery BG, Rabian B (1999) Psychosocial changes associated with participation in a pediatric summer camp. J Pediatr Psychol 24(2):183–190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Canadian Cancer Statistics (2002) National Cancer Institute of Canada. www.cancer.ca. Cited 11 Apr 2003

  17. Carpenter PJ, Sahler OJ, Davis MS (1989) Use of a camp setting to provide medical information to siblings of pediatric cancer patients. J Cancer Educ 5(1):21–6

    Google Scholar 

  18. Carr-Gregg M, White L (1987) Siblings of pediatric cancer patients: a population at risk. Med Pediatr Oncol 15:62–68

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chesler M, Lozowski S (1988) Problems and needs of children off treatment: Candlelighters research and proposed programs. Candlelighters Chilhood Cancer Foundation Newsletter 12:1-3

    Google Scholar 

  20. Children’s Oncology Camping Association (COCA) International (2003) Children’s oncology camps international. http://www.coca-intl.org/. Cited 5 Aug 2003

  21. Chung JYY (2000) Siblings of children with cancer: Opening the opportunities for participation. Dissertation, University of Guelph

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cwikel J, Israel B (1987) Examining mechanisms of social support and social networks. Public Health Rev 15(3):159–193

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Goode D (1994) Quality of life for persons with disabilities: international perspectives and issues. Brookline, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  24. Heiney S, Wells L, Coleman B (1990) Lasting impressions: a psychosocial support program for adolescents with cancer and their parents Cancer Nurs 13:13–20

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hicks MD, Lavender R (2001) Psychosocial practice trends in pediatric oncology. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 18(4):143–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Houtzager BA, Grootenhuis MA, Last BF (1999) Adjustment of siblings to childhood cancer: a literature review. Support Care Cancer 7:302–320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hvizdala EV, Miale TD, Barnard PJ (1978) A summer camp for children with cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol 4(1):71–75

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jamison RN, Lewis S, Burish TG (1986) Psychological impact of cancer on adolescents: self-image, locus of control, perception of illness and knowledge of cancer. J Chronic Dis. 39(8):609–617

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kessell M, Resnick MD, Blum RW (1985) Adventure, etc.—a health-promotion program for chronically ill and disabled youth. J Adolesc Health Care 6(6):433–438

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Children’s Oncology Camps in North America (2002). Kids camps. http://www.kidscamps.com/special_needs/cancer_oncology.html. Cited 5 Aug 2003

  31. Koocher GP, O’Malley JE (1981) The Damocles syndrome: psychological consequences of surviving childhood cancer. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lauria MM, Hockenberry-Eaton M, Pawletko TM, Mauer AM (1996) Psychosocial protocol for childhood cancer: a conceptual model. Cancer 78 (6): 1345–1356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. LaGreca AM (1992) Stress and coping in child health. Guildford, New York

  34. Maher JT (1995) Camps: a therapeutic adjunct for children with cancer or HIV/AIDS. Baywood, pp 152–159. Beyond The Innocence of Childhood—Vol 2: Helping Children and Adolescents Cope with Life-Threatening Illness and Dying. Adams DW and Deveau EJ eds.

  35. Martinson IM, Gilliss C, Colaizzo DC, Freeman M, Bossert E (1990) Impact of childhood cancer on healthy school-age siblings. Cancer Nurs 13(3):183–190

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Murray JS (1999) Siblings of children with cancer: a review of the literature. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 16(1):25–34

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Murray JS (2000) Attachment theory and adjustment difficulties in siblings of children with cancer. Issues Ment Health Nurs 21:149–169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Murray JS (2000) A concept analysis of social support as experienced by siblings of children with cancer. J Pediatr Nurs 15(5):313–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Murray JS (2001) Self-concept of siblings of children with cancer. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 24:85–94

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. National Cancer Institute (2001) Psychological benefits of a normalized camping experience for children with cancer and HIV infection.Cited April 15, 2003; http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/cgi/wais/bold032001.pl?A_83-C-0022.html@normalized

  41. O’Morrow GS, Reynolds RP (1989) Therapeutic recreation 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey

  42. Offer A (1996) In pursuit of the quality of life. Oxford University Press, England

  43. Ravens-Sieberer U, Bullinger M (1998) Assessing health related quality of life in chronically ill children with German KINDL: first psychometric and content analytical results. Quality Life Res 7:399–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Reaman GH, Haase GM (1996) Quality of life research in childhood cancer: The time is now. Cancer 78(6):1330–1332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Renwick R, Brown I, Nagler M (1996) Quality of life in health promotion and rehabilitation. Sage, California

  46. Rollins JA (1990) Childhood cancer: siblings draw and tell. Ped Nurs 16:21–27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Rosenbaum P, Cadman D, Kirplani H (1990) Pediatrics: assessing quality of life. Raven, New York, pp 205–215

  48. Ruffin JE, Creed JM, Jarvis C (1997) A retreat for families of children recently diagnosed with cancer. Cancer Pract 5(2):99–104

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sahler OJZ, Carpenter PJ (1989) Evaluation of a camp program for siblings of children with cancer. Am J Dis Child 143:690–696

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Scelles R (1997) The impact of a person’s disability on his or her sibling. Int Journal Rehabil Res 20(2):129–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Sloper P (2000) Experiences and support needs of siblings of children with cancer. Health Soc Care Community 8(5):298–306

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Smith KE, Gotlieb S, Gurwitch RH, Blotcky AD (1987) Impact of a summer camp experience on daily activity and family interactions among children with cancer. J Ped Psychol 12:533–542

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Spinetta JJ (1981) The sibling of the child with cancer. Mosby, St. Louis, pp. 133–142

  54. Terzo H (1999) The effects of childhood cancer on siblings. Ped Nurs 25(3):309–311

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Van Dongen-Melman JEWM, De Groot A, Hählen K, Verhulst FC (1995) Siblings of childhood cancer survivors: how does this forgotten group of children adjust after cessation of successful cancer treatment? Eur J Cancer 31:2277–2283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Wang R, Martinson IM (1996) Behavioral responses of healthy chinese siblings to the stress of childhood cancer in the family: a longitudinal study. J Ped Nurs 11(6):383–391

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. World Health Organization Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa

  58. Yancey D, Gregor HA, Coburn P (1994) Effects of an adult cancer camp on hope, perceived social support, coping and mood states. Oncol Nurs Forum 21(4):727–733

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Zeltzer LK, Dolgin MJ, Sahler OJ, Roghmann K, Barbarin OA, Carpenter PJ, Copeland DR, Mulhern RK, Sargent JR (1996) Sibling adaptation to childhood cancer collaborative study: health outcomes of siblings of children with cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol 27(2):98–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Work for this manuscript was largely done while receiving fellowship support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). The author would also like to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Kathy Nixon Speechley at the commencement of this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexandra L.C. Martiniuk.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Martiniuk, A. Camping programs for children with cancer and their families. Support Care Cancer 11, 749–757 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-003-0540-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-003-0540-y

Keywords

Navigation