References
Watts DM, Ksiazek TG, Linthicum KJ, Hoogstraal H. Crimean. Congo hemorrhagic fever. In: The arboviruses epidemiol ecol. 2019. pp. 177–222.
Spengler JR, Bergeron É, Spiropoulou CF. Crimean. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and expansion from endemic regions. Curr Opin Virol. 2019;34:70–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.002.
Al-Abri SS, Abaidani IA, Fazlalipour M, Mostafavi E, Leblebicioglu H, Pshenichnaya N, et al. Current status of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the World Health Organization eastern Mediterranean Region: issues, challenges, and future directions. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;58:82–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2017.02.018.
Tantawi HH, Al-Moslih MI, Al-Janabi NY, Al-Bana AS, Mahmud MI, Jurji F, et al. Crimean. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Iraq: isolation, identification and electron microscopy. Acta Virol. 1980;24(6):464–7.
Majeed B, Dicker R, Nawar A, Badri S, Noah A, Muslem H. Morbidity and mortality of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iraq: cases reported to the National Surveillance System, 1990–2010. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012;106(8):480–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.04.006.
Funding
No funding was received for conducting this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conception and design; H.M.A. and A.I.A. Data collection; H.M.A., A.I.A., M.M.E. and GE.B. Writing—original draft; H.M.A. and A.I.A. Figures preparation; H.M.A., A.I.A., M.M.E. and GE.B. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
H.M. Al-kuraishy, A.I. Al-Gareeb, M.M. El-Bouseary and G.E.-S. Batiha declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethical standards
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Availability of data and materials
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-kuraishy, H.M., Al-Gareeb, A.I., El-Bouseary, M.M. et al. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iraq: Humanity before heroism. Wien Klin Wochenschr 135, 637–638 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-023-02230-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-023-02230-3