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Influence of tobacco smoking on dental periapical condition in a sample of Croatian adults

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Summary

Background

Since current evidences support a negative influence of tobacco smoking on the periodontal bone, an increased prevalence or severity of periapical lesions would be expected among smokers. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in the periapical status of endodontically treated and untreated teeth in current smokers and never-smokers.

Methods

The cross-sectional study included 259 subjects, 108 current smokers and 151 never-smokers, presenting as new patients at the Dental Clinic of the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Croatia. The periapical index (PAI) was used to assess the periapical status of all teeth, excluding third molars.

Results and conclusions

Current smokers had higher fraction of teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) than never-smokers (0.13 vs. 0.10; P = 0.025), while fractions of endodontically treated teeth and endodontically treated teeth with AP did not differ significantly. When overall number of teeth was controlled for, smokers were 16.4 times more likely to have AP than a non-smokers (95% CI: 5.7–47.7; P < 0.001) and if a person was male, he was 3.1 times more likely to have AP than if the person was female (95% CI: 1.1–8.9; P = 0.039). The probability of AP increases with increase of age. Smokers will on average have two teeth with AP more than non-smokers, while controlling for gender, age and overall number of teeth.

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Abbreviations

AP:

Apical periodontitis

PAI:

Periapical index

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from the University of Rijeka (818-10-1218), Republic of Croatia.

Ethical standards

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Conflict of interest

Romana Peršić Bukmir, Marija Jurčević Grgić, Gordana Brumini, Stjepan Spalj, Sonja Pezelj-Ribaric, and Ivana Brekalo Pršo declare that there are no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Kresimirova 40, 51 000, Rijeka, Croatia

    Romana Peršić Bukmir DMD, Marija Jurčević Grgić DMD &  Ivana Brekalo Pršo DMD, PhD

  2. IT Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

    Gordana Brumini PhD

  3. Department of Orthodontics, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

    Stjepan Spalj PhD, DMD

  4. Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

    Sonja Pezelj-Ribaric DMD, PhD

Authors
  1. Romana Peršić Bukmir DMD
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  2. Marija Jurčević Grgić DMD
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  3. Gordana Brumini PhD
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  4. Stjepan Spalj PhD, DMD
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  5. Sonja Pezelj-Ribaric DMD, PhD
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  6. Ivana Brekalo Pršo DMD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Romana Peršić Bukmir DMD.

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Peršić Bukmir, R., Jurčević Grgić, M., Brumini, G. et al. Influence of tobacco smoking on dental periapical condition in a sample of Croatian adults. Wien Klin Wochenschr 128, 260–265 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-015-0910-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-015-0910-8

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