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Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants in Langau, Austria, 2010

Leptospirose-Ausbruch nach einem Triathlon am Bergwerksee Langau, Österreich 2010

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Zusammenfassung

Wir berichten über den ersten dokumentierten Leptospirose-Ausbruch in Österreich. Im Juli 2010, erkrankten vier Athleten nach Teilnahme am Bergwerksee Langau-Triathlon an serologisch verifizierter Leptospirose. Schwere Regenfälle hatten am Vortag des Sportereignisses Niederschläge von 22 mm erbracht. Der Indexpatient (Patient A) war ein 41-Jähriger, der am 8. Juli wegen Fieber von bis zu 40°C (seit drei Tagen) am Krankenhaus A stationär aufgenommen wurde; seine Erkrankung hatte 14 Tage nach dem Triathlon begonnen. Bereits am Vortag war Patient B, ein 42-Jähriger am gleichen Krankenhaus wegen Nierenversagen aufgenommen worden. Über drei Wochen wurde er hämodialysiert. Beim Patienten B war die erste Serumprobe (vom Aufnahmetag) negativ für Antikörper gegen Leptospira gewesen; eine Zweitprobe vom 28. Juli war positiv. Am 11. Juli wurde ein 40-Jähriger am Krankenhaus B wegen Nephritis stationär aufgenommen. Am 14. Juli wurde noch ein vierter Triathlon-Teilnehmer (am Krankenhaus C) aufgenommen, der seit zehn Tagen an Fieber, Husten und Kopfschmerzen litt. Dieser Ausbruch belegt, dass man sich auch in Österreich in natürlichen Badegewässern mit Leptospiren infizieren kann. Besonders nach schweren Regenfällen kann eine Einschwemmung von tierischem Urin nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Aufgrund des immunsuppressiven Effekts von Triathlon, kann man Krankheitsausbrüche unter diesen Leistungssportlern als sensitive Indikatoren für mögliche Infektionsrisiken der Gesamtbevölkerung ansehen.

Summary

We report on the first documented outbreak of leptospirosis in Austria. In July 2010, four cases of serologically confirmed leptospirosis occurred in athletes after a triathlon held in Langau. Heavy rains preceded the triathlon (rainfall: 22 mm). The index case (Patient A) was a 41-year-old previously healthy male, who was admitted to hospital A on July 8 with a four-day history of fever up to 40°C that began 14 days after attending the triathlon event. On July 7, patient B, a 42-year-old male, was admitted to the same hospital, with signs and symptoms of kidney failure. Hemodialysis was performed every other day for 3 weeks. While the serum drawn on the day of admission was negative for antibodies against Leptospira, a specimen from July 28 tested positive with Leptospira interrogans. On July 11, patient C, a 40-year-old male, was admitted to hospital B for nephritis. On July 14, patient D, a 44-year-old male, was admitted to hospital C with a ten days history of intermittent fever, mild dry cough and headache. Our report underlines that in Austria recreational users of bodies of freshwater must be aware of an existing risk of contracting leptospirosis, particularly after heavy rains. The suppressive influence of a triathlon on the immune system is well documented and therefore an outbreak in this population group can be seen as a sensitive indicator concerning possible risk for the general population.

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Correspondence to Franz Allerberger.

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Radl, C., Müller, M., Revilla-Fernandez, S. et al. Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants in Langau, Austria, 2010. Wien Klin Wochenschr 123, 751–755 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0100-2

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