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Kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans

Kinetik der Toxoplasmose Infektion am Balkan

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Zusammenfassung

ZIEL: Die Kinetik der Toxoplasmose-Infektion am Balkan wurde untersucht. DATENQUELLE: In den letzten 30 Jahren in allen Balkanländern veröffentlichte Berichte über Toxoplasmoseinfektionen bei Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter. ERGEBNISSE: Das wesentliche Merkmal der Toxoplasmoseinfektion am Balkan ist ein mit der Zeit kontinuierlicher Rückgang der Infektionshäufigkeit. Das systematische Erfassen der Prävalenz der Toxoplasmoseinfektion in der Population gebärfähiger Frauen in Slowenien, Serbien und Griechenland hat in den letzten 30 Jahren einen signifikanten kontinuierlichen Rückgang in allen drei Ländern gezeigt. Auch in Montenegro und in der früheren jugoslawischen Republik Mazedonien (fjRM) wurde ein Abfall beobachtet, wobei in diesen Ländern aber nur in den letzten 10 Jahren eine systematische Erfassung vorliegt. Ein anderes überregionales Merkmal ist die Beobachtung, dass die Prävalenz der Infektion zurzeit nicht über 50 % liegt. Außerdem besteht im Osten der Balkanhalbinsel eine Abnahme der Prävalenz der Toxoplasmose von Norden nach Süden: von Süd Ungarn (als Nordgrenze des Balkans) über Serbien und fjRM nach Nord Griechenland. Weiters wurde im Westen Sloweniens und im Osten Serbiens eine Saisonabhängigkeit mit signifikant mehr Fällen der akuten Infektion im Winter als im Sommer festgestellt. Trotz eines allgemeinen Trends zur Abnahme der Infektion scheinen die Risikofaktoren der Übertragung in der Region verschieden zu sein: während ein Kontakt mit Katzen in Slowenien wichtig schien, wurde die Einnahme von nicht ausreichend gekochtem Fleisch als wichtigster Risikofaktor in Serbien und Albanien gefunden. In der fjRM und in Nord-Griechenland war der Kontakt mit Dünger der führende Risikofaktor. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Ein Trend zur Abnahme der Prävalenz der Toxoplasmose im Balkan mit der Zeit ist Teil eines sich verändernden Musters der Toxoplasmose Infektion in ganz Europa. Strategien zur Vorbeugung einer kongenitalen Toxoplasmose sollten diese Dynamik der Infektion berücksichtigen.

Summary

AIM: The kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans were reviewed. SOURCE OF DATA: Published reports on Toxoplasma infection in women of childbearing age in the last 30 years for all Balkan countries. RESULTS: The dominant feature of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans is a continuous decrease in the prevalence over time. Systematic monitoring of Toxoplasma infection prevalence in populations of women of childbearing age in Slovenia, Serbia and Greece over the last 30 years has shown a continuous significant decrease in all three countries. Moreover, a decrease has also been shown in Montenegro and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia where Toxoplasma infection has been surveyed only during the past decade. Another region-wide feature is that the prevalence of infection currently does not surpass 50%. Furthermore, a decrease in Toxoplasma prevalence from the north to the south has been shown in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, from southern Hungary (as a region neighbouring the Balkans at the north), over Serbia and FYRoM to northern Greece. Seasonality of infection, with significantly more cases of acute infection in the winter than in the summer, was observed in Slovenia in the west and Serbia in the east. Despite a common decreasing trend, different infection transmission risk factors seem predominant across the region; while contact with cats was discussed as important in Slovenia, consumption of undercooked meat was shown to be the leading risk factor in Serbia and Albania, and contact with soil in FYRoM and in northern Greece. CONCLUSION: A decreasing trend of Toxoplasma prevalence over time in the Balkans is part of a changing pattern of Toxoplasma infection throughout Europe. Strategies for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis should take the infection dynamics into account.

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Correspondence to Branko Bobić.

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Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Klun, I. et al. Kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans. Wien Klin Wochenschr 123 (Suppl 1), 2–6 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0052-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0052-6

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