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Elevated γ-glutamyltransferase in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients

Erhöhte γ-Glutamyltransferase bei ICD-Patienten

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Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRUND: Erhöhte γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) Plasmaspiegel korrelieren mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, aber nichts ist bekannt über eine mögliche Assoziation mit dem gehäuften Auftreten von ventrikulären Tachyarrhythmien. Weiters stellt sich die Frage, ob erhöhte GGT Werte auch bei ICD-Patienten mit einer erhöhten Sterblichkeit verbunden sind. METHODEN UND RESULTATE: Aufgrund der geschlechtsspezifischen Normalwerte von GGT wurden nur männliche Patienten in die Analyse eingeschlossen. In einer retrospektiven Studie an 743 Patienten konnte gezeigt werden, dass erhöhte GGT Werte mit einer signifikant erhöhten Gesamtmortalität, nicht aber mit einer gehäuften Notwendigkeit von appropriater ICD-Therapie (antitachykardes Pacing, Schockabgabe) assoziiert sind. In einer Cox Regressionsanalyse bestätigte sich ein erhöhter GGT Wert (>56 U/L) als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für erhöhte Sterblichkeit, vor allem wenn dieser in Kombination mit einer eingeschränkten Nierenfunktion (GFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2) auftritt. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Erhöhte GGT Werte sind trotz ICD Therapie mit einer erhöhten Gesamtsterblichkeit assoziiert. Es bleibt zu überprüfen, ob dieser Routineparameter in der verbesserten Patientenselektion zur ICD Therapie eine Rolle spielen kann.

Summary

BACKGROUND: Elevated γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a new risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but its impact on ventricular tachyarrhythmia occurrence and survival in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Considering that GGT levels are gender-dependent, female ICD recipients were excluded from our database because of the low incidence of events. In a retrospective analysis, appropriate ICD therapy (both shocks and antitachycardia pacing due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias) occurred in 31.9% of 320 male patients who had received an ICD for primary prevention (median follow-up of 2.3 years), and in 55.1% of 423 male patients who had received an ICD for secondary prevention (median follow-up of 3.9 years). Compared to normal low GGT plasma levels (below 28 U/L), total mortality but not risk for appropriate ICD therapy was elevated for higher GGT categories (p for trend = 0.004 in primary prevention and p for trend = 0.002 in secondary prevention, respectively). In Cox regression analysis, elevated GGT (>56 U/L) remained an independent predictor of death both in primary (p = 0.011) and in secondary prevention (p = 0.006). Patients with elevated GGT and renal insufficiency defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 suffered from excess total mortality jeopardizing the benefit of ICD therapy. CONCLUSION: Elevation of GGT is an important adverse prognostic parameter in ICD patients. A possible role of GGT for improved patient selection for ICD therapy deserves further investigation.

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Correspondence to Wolfgang Dichtl.

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Dichtl, W., Wolber, T., Paoli, U. et al. Elevated γ-glutamyltransferase in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients. Wien Klin Wochenschr 124, 18–24 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0046-4

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