Zusammenfassung
Die Kikuchi Fujimoto Erkrankung (KFE) oder histozytäre nekrotisierende Lymphadenitis ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die vor allem bei japanischen Frauen vorkommt; aus anderen Teilen der Welt wurden bisher nur wenige Fälle beschrieben. Die Pathogenese der Erkrankung ist nicht bekannt. Ein 22-jähriger Mann bemerkte bei sich selbst ein Wachstum von Lymphknoten einen Monat vor der Aufnahme. Zuerst stellte er einen vergrößerten Lymphknoten in der linken Axilla, später dann auch im Halsbereich und in der rechten Axilla fest. Schüttelfröste und Nachtschweiß wären schon vorher aufgetreten. Die physikalische Untersuchung ergab bilaterale vergrößerte (bis zu 2 cm), schmerzhafte aber nicht inflammierte Lymphknoten im Halsbereich und in beiden Axillae. Die histologische Untersuchung der Lymphknoten sowie die typische Klinik ergab die Diagnose einer KFE. Es wurde keine Therapie verordnet. Der Patient war in der Folge die letzten zwei Jahre völlig symptomfrei. Das klinische Bild der KFE ist unspezifisch und sehr variabel. Die meisten Patienten klagen über eine Vergrößerung der zervikalen Lymphknoten, die mit verschiedenen Symptomen, wie Fieber, Malaise, Nachtschweiß und Gewichtsabnahme einhergeht. Die Lymphknotenvergrößerung kommt nur selten in anderen Lokalisationen vor. Die Knoten sind gut beweglich und nicht größer als 2cm. Nur die Histologie ermöglicht eine Diagnose. Folgende histologische Veränderungen sind für die KFE typisch: parakortikale nekrotische Foci, die von histiozytären Aggregaten umgeben sind; unregelmäßig runde eosinophile Areale von verschiedener Größe im Parakortex und im Kortex mit zahlreichen Histiozyten, Lymphozyten, Immunoblasten, plasmacytoiden Monozyten und eosinophilem granuliertem zelleulärem Debris. Differentialdiagnostisch muss die Erkrankung von einem hochmalignen Lymphom, sowie einer SLE-Lymphadenitis abgegrenzt werden. Es gibt keine spezifische Therapie für die KFE, da die Erkrankung zumeist spontan innerhalb von 4 Monaten remittiert. Ein Rezidiv oder gar Todesfälle sind sehr ungewöhnlich.
Summary
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a rare benign disease, more common in Japanese women, with only a few cases reported from other parts of the world. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. A 22-year-old man noticed a node growth a month before his admittance. At first he noticed one enlarged node in the left axilla, later also the nodes on his neck and in his right axilla. Before that he had felt shivery and reported night sweats. Physical examination revealed bilateral enlarged (up to 2 cm) painful but not inflamed lymph nodes on the neck and in both axillae. The patient was diagnosed with KFD on histological examination of the nodes and on the basis of typical changes. No medical treatment was prescribed and the patient has been without symptoms for the past two years. The clinical picture of KFD is nonspecific and variable. Most patients complain of enlarged cervical nodes (up to 2 cm) accompanied by various symptoms (fever, malaise, night sweats, weight loss). The enlarged nodes, which are mobile, rarely appear in other locations. The only way of proving whether the disease is present or not is by histological examination of the node, which may show the following changes typical for KFD: paracortical necrotic foci, surrounded by histiocytic aggregates, irregular rounded eosinophilic areas of different sizes in the paracortex and cortex with the presence of numerous histiocytes, lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasmacytoid monocytes and eosinophilic granulated cellular debris. Histiocytes had mostly turned into foamy macrophages. It is typical not to find epithelioid cells and neutrophil granulocytes in the necrotic centers. In particular, the disease needs to be distinguished from high-grade lymphoma and SLE lymphadenitis. There is no specific medical treatment for KFD since the disease usually resolves spontaneously over four months. Disease recurrence or fatalities are unusual.
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Glaser, M., Borin, P., Kavalar, R. et al. Necrotizing cervical lymphadenopathy: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in a young male. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120, 360–365 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0990-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0990-9