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Surgical revision of hemorrhage in 8388 patients after cold-steel adenotonsillectomies

Operative Blutstillung bei 8388 Patienten nach kalter Adenotonsillektomie

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Zusammenfassung

ZIEL DER STUDIE: Tonsillektomie und Adenoidektomie sind die häufigsten Operationen in der Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde. Die schwerwiegendste Komplikation ist die postoperative Blutung, die in 2% bis 4% Prozent der Fälle auftritt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Inzidenz und mögliche prediktive Faktoren von postoperativen Blutungen, die eine operative Sanierung benötigten, bei Patienten nach Tonsillektomie/Adenoidektomie zu bestimmen. STUDIENDESIGN: An einer einzigen Institution wurden retrospektiv 8388 Patienten nach Tonsillektomie/Adenoidektomie im Zeitraum 1994 bis 2006 untersucht. Die Tonsillektomie wurde mit Hilfe von Kaltinstrumenten und bipolarer Diathermie für die Hämostasis durchgeführt. RESULTATE: Eine postoperative Blutung, die eine chirurgische Versorgung in Intubationsnarkose notwendig machte, trat bei 114 Patienten nach Tonsillektomie (1,78%) und bei 7 Patienten (0,35%) nach Adenoidektomie auf. Nach Tonsillektomie traten 85,09% der Blutungen später als 24 Stunden nach Operation (zwischen dem ersten Tag nach der Operation und dem 15. postoperativen Tag) auf. Nach Adenoidektomie traten hingegen in 85,71% die Blutungen unmittelbar nach der Operation (innerhalb der ersten 24 Stunden) auf. Zwei Patienten (0,03%) benötigten eine Bluttransfusion, weder wurde eine Ligatur der A. carotis externa durchgeführt noch traten Todesfälle ein. Die höchste Inzidenz war bei Patienten älter als 16 Jahre (2,19%) zu beobachten. In den wärmeren Jahreszeiten war die Inzidenz höher (1,98%) als in den kälteren (1,63%). Assistenzärzte hatten eine geringere Blutungsinzidenz (1,75%) als Fachärzte (1,84%). SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Adenoidektomie ist ein sicherer Eingriff, der tagesstationär durchgeführt werden kann. Unsere Daten zeigen aber, dass Patienten nach Tonsillektomie eine Hospitalisierung bis zum 15. postoperativen Tag benötigen würden. Dennoch besteht kein Zweifel, dass sowohl ökonomische, soziale als auch organisatorische Faktoren gegen diese Forderung sprechen. Daher bleibt die sorgfältige Aufklärung des Patienten und/oder der Eltern eines der wichtigsten Parameter, um die Sicherheit der Tonsillektomie zu erhöhen.

Summary

PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION: Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are the most common surgical procedures in otorhinolaryngology. The most serious complication is postoperative hemorrhage, with a 2–4% risk of substantial bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of and possible predictive factors for postoperative hemorrhage requiring surgical revision in patients undergoing cold dissection tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. BASIC PROCEDURES: We performed a single-institution retrospective study of 8388 patients who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy between 1994 and 2006. Tonsillectomy was performed using only cold-steel dissection with bipolar diathermy for hemostasis. MAIN FINDINGS: Hemorrhage occurred in 114 patients (1.78%) after tonsillectomy and in seven patients (0.35%) after adenoidectomy. After tonsillectomy 85.09% of the hemorrhages were secondary, occurring between the postoperative days 1 and 15, whereas in the adenoidectomy group 85.71% of the bleeding episodes were primary. Two patients (0.03%) required blood transfusions, none of the patients required an external carotid artery ligation, and there were no cases of death in our series. On the basis of logistic regression analysis, patient age was found to be a statistically significant risk factor (P = 0.007): the highest incidence was found in patients over 16 years of age (2.19%). At warmer times of year the incidence was higher (1.98%) than at colder times (1.63%). The resident surgeons caused a hemorrhage incidence of 1.75% and the consultant surgeons one of 1.84%. The incidence was significantly higher in male patients (2.2%) than in female patients (1.4%; P = 0.016). PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that whereas adenoidectomy can be safely performed as a one-day procedure, tonsillectomy complications due to postoperative hemorrhages might be avoided only if patients were to stay in hospital until postoperative day 15, which would clearly be impractical for economic, organizational and social reasons. A crucial factor for increasing the safety of this procedure is the provision of meticulous education and information for the patient and/or parents.

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Correspondence to Boban M. Erovic.

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Arnoldner, C., Grasl, M., Thurnher, D. et al. Surgical revision of hemorrhage in 8388 patients after cold-steel adenotonsillectomies. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120, 336–342 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0982-9

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