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An unusual outcome in a child with hepatosplenic cat-scratch disease

Ungewöhnlicher Verlauf der Katzenkratzkrankheit bei einem 6-jährigen Kind

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Zusammenfassung

Die klassische Katzenkratzkrankheit (Infektion mit Bartonella hensalae) ist bei einem immunkompetenten Kind mit der Anamnese eines Kratzers, Bisses oder intimen Kontaktes mit einer Katze vergesellschaftet. Die meisten Patienten entwickeln nach drei bis 10 Tagen einen harten Knoten in der Kratzlinie. Dieser kann wenige Tage, aber auch zwei bis drei Wochen bestehen bleiben. Während der nächsten ein bis zwei Wochen, manchmal auch länger, schwellen die regionalen Lymphknoten, die das Gebiet drainieren, in 10% der Patienten allmählich an und wieder ab. Die Knoten entwickeln ein Erythem, manchmal eitern sie. In wenigen Fällen von Katzenkratzkrankheit ist der Verlauf atypisch: Es kommt dann zu Augen- oder neurologischen Symptomen, Befall der Leber und Milz, Osteomyelitis der Wirbel, Endocarditis und Ähnlichem. Die Infektion mit Bartonella hensalae kann bei immunkompromittierten Individuen zu einer bazillären Angiomatose, bzw. Peliosis und zu einer rezidivierenden Bakteriämie führen. Es gibt verschiedene Berichte über Granulome in der Leber oder Milz die bei immunkompetenten Kindern durch B. hensalae ausgelöst wurden. Wir berichten über einen sechsjährigen Knaben mit einer derartigen hepatosplenalen Form der Katzenkratzkrankheit. Trotz früher Diagnose und Langzeit-Antibiotika-Behandlung konnte bei ihm eine Splenektomie nicht vermieden werden.

Summary

Typical cat-scratch disease (Bartonella henselae infection) in an immunocompetent child is usually associated with a history of scratch, bite or intimate contact with a cat. Most patients develop a non-tender papule in the scratch line after three to ten days. This may persist for only a few days or as long as two to three weeks. During the next two weeks or more, regional lymph nodes that drain the area gradually enlarge and then slowly resolve in more than 10% of patients. The nodes develop overlying erythema and may suppurate. Atypical forms of cat-scratch disease occur in a minority of cases and are characterized by ocular or neurological manifestations, hepatosplenic involvement, vertebral osteomyelitis, endocarditis etc. Immunocompromised individuals with B. henselae infection may develop bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary peliosis, and relapsing bacteremia. There have been several reports of hepatosplenic granulomas caused by B. henselae in immunocompetent children. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy with the hepatosplenic form of cat-scratch disease. Despite early diagnosis and long-term antimicrobial treatment, splenectomy could not be avoided.

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Correspondence to Dalibor Vukelić.

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Vukelić, D., Benić, B., Božinović, D. et al. An unusual outcome in a child with hepatosplenic cat-scratch disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118, 615–618 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0654-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0654-6

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