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Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin in the Slovene population

Seroprevalenz von IgG Antikörpern gegen Pertussis-Toxin in der slowenischen Population

Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRÜNDE: Die Durchführung von Impfungen hat die durch Keuchhusten bedingte Morbidität und Sterblichkeit reduziert. Die Immunität nach der auf natürliche Art überwundenen Krankheit oder nach der Impfung hält nicht lebenslang. Reinfektionen kommen vor und verursachen die Entwicklung von Antikörpern gegen Keuchhusten. In dieser Studie wurde die Verteilung von Antikörpern gegen Keuchhusten in verschiedenen Altersgruppen in Slowenien untersucht. METHODEN: Wir untersuchten die Seroprevalenz von IgG Antikörpern gegen Pertusis-Toxin Bordetella pertussis (IgG-anti-PT) an 3418 Personen (49,1% Männer). Die untersuchte Population wurde in 27 Altersgruppen stratifiziert. Die serologischen Ergebnisse wurden je nach dem Titergrad in fünf Gruppen unterteilt. Es wurde der geometrische Mitteltiter (GMT) errechnet. ERGEBNISSE: Bei 11,5% der untersuchten Seren wurden keine IgG-anti-PT festgestellt. Hohe Titer (125 Einheiten/ml und höher) wurden in 2,3% der Seren vorgefunden. Zwischen den Altersgruppen gab es keine statisch signifikante Differenz in den Verhältnissen der verschiedenen Antikörpertiter. Kinder im Vorschulalter, Alter 3–5 Jahre, hatten den niedrigsten GMT der Antikörper gegen Pertusis-Toxin (9,6 Einheiten/ml – 10,7 Einheiten/ml). Die höchsten GMT (über 20 Einheiten/ml) wurden bei geimpften Kindern (Alter 1–2 Jahre) und bei Jugendlichen (Alter 17–18 Jahre) festgestellt. Die Differenz im geometrischen Mitteltiter der IgG-anti-PT zwischen Männern und Frauen war nicht statistisch signifikant. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der schnelle Rückgang von IgG Antikörpern gegen Pertusis-Toxin nach der Impfung dargestellt. Entsprechend dem serologischen Profil treten die meisten Infektionen bei Schulkindern und bei Jugendlichen auf. Außerdem weist der hohe Anteil an seropositiven erwachsenen Untersuchten darauf hin, dass die Reinfektion mit Bordetella pertussis relativ häufig vorkommt.

Summary

BACKGROUND: The use of pertussis vaccines has reduced the morbidity and mortality of whooping cough. Immunity following the natural disease or vaccination is not life-long and reinfections causing an increase of pertussis antibodies can occur. In this study, the distribution of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (anti-PT IgG) among different age groups in Slovenia was determined. METHODS: The seroprevalence of anti-PT IgG antibodies to Bordetella pertussis was investigated in 3418 persons (49.1% males). The population under study was stratified into 27 age groups. The serological results were assigned to five groups, according to their titer levels. The geometric mean titers (GMT) were calculated. RESULTS: In 11.5% sera tested, no IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin were detected. High titers (≥125 U/ml) were confirmed in 2.3% sera. There were no statistically significant differences between age groups in the proportion of antibody levels. Pre-school children from three to five years of age had the lowest anti-PT IgG GMTs (9.6–10.7 U/ml). Vaccinated children (aged from one to two years) and adolescents from 17–18 years of age had the highest GMTs (>20 U/ml). GMTs were not statistically significantly different between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated an early decline of anti-PT IgG after vaccination. According to the serological profile, school-age children and adolescents have the highest rate of infection. The large proportion of seropositive adults indicates that reinfection with B. pertussis is relatively common.

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Correspondence to Maja Sočan.

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Sočan, M., Prosenc, K. & Vegnuti, M. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin in the Slovene population. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118, 336–340 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0609-y

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Keywords

  • Pertussis
  • Seroprevalence
  • IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin
  • Geometric mean titers