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A woman with red eyes and hypokalemia: A case of acquired Gitelman syndrome

"Rote Augen" und Hypokaliämie

Zusammenfassung

Das Gitelman Syndrom ist eine sehr seltene Mutation des NaCl Transporters der distalen Tubuluszellen in der Niere. In den letzten Jahren wurden aber auch vermehrt Berichte publiziert, wonach es bei Autoimmunerkrankungen (Sjögren Syndrom, SLE, …) zu ähnlichen renalen Elektrolytverlusten kommt wie bei verschiedenen hereditären Tubulopathien. Eine 62-jährige Frau suchte wegen schmerzhafter beidseitiger Augenrötung die Augenabteilung auf. In der weiteren diagnostischen Abklärung konnte ein Sjögren Syndrom für die Ursache der Keratitis mit beginnender Endophthalmitis identifiziert werden. In der Laboranalyse war weiters eine, früher nicht bekannte ausgeprägte Hypokaliämie, eine metabole Alkalose und eine Hypomagnesiämie auffällig. Zusammen mit der Analyse der Elektrolyte im Harn konnte die Diagnose eines seltenen Falles von erworbenen Gitelman Syndrom gestellt werden. Die Substitution von Kalium und Magnesium führte zu einer Besserung des initial bestehenden Schwächegefühls. Trotz einer immunsuppressiven Therapie des Sjögren Syndrom kam es jedoch zu einem persistierenden renalen Elektrolytverlustes. Bei Patienten mit Autoimmunerkrankungen sollte deshalb gezielt nach Elektrolytstörungen gesucht werden, da renal tubuläre Funktionsstörungen zu schweren Hypokaliämien führen können.

Summary

Gitelman syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder of the thiazide-sensitive NaCl transporter in the distal renal tubular cells, but mimicking of such hereditary tubular disorders has been described in different autoimmune diseases (Sjögren syndrome, SLE, …). A 62-year-old woman with painful red eyes and sicca syndrome presented at the ophthalmological department. The diagnostic evaluation identified a Sjögren syndrome with early endophthalmitis as the reason for the red eyes. Results of laboratory examination indicated severe hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and hypomagnesemia, although this had not been seen years earlier. Together with the urine analysis, a rare case of an acquired Gitelman syndrome was diagnosed. Substitution with potassium and magnesium improved the initial symptoms of weakness, but renal electrolyte wasting persisted even after treatment of Sjögren syndrome. In patients with autoimmune disease, laboratory analysis of serum electrolytes should be performed because different acquired tubular disorders can lead to severe hypokalemia.

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Correspondence to Christoph Schwarz.

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Schwarz, C., Barisani, T., Bauer, E. et al. A woman with red eyes and hypokalemia: A case of acquired Gitelman syndrome. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118, 239–242 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0559-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0559-4

Keywords

  • Gitelman syndrome
  • Sjögren syndrome
  • Autoimmune disease
  • Renal tubular dysfunction
  • Hypokalemia