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The microbiological water quality of Vienna’s River Danube section and its associated water bodies

Die mikrobiologische Wasserqualität der Donau und ihrer Nebengewässer in Wien

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Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft Aims and scope

Abstract

For the City of Vienna, the River Danube and its associated water bodies (Alte Donau, Neue Donau, Mühlwasser, Lobau backwater) play an important role for recreation and drinking water supply. Microbiological water quality is of highest relevance for all user-related aspects. Microbiological water quality monitoring for this area has been mainly based on the standard fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci, but has also applied alternative fecal indicators Clostridium perfringens and somatic coliphages as well as selected pathogens, like Salmonella sp. and enteroviruses. This article presents and compares available monitoring results from the last decade – 2004 to 2014 – for Vienna’s River Danube section and its associated water bodies using a five-step classification scheme for fecal pollution. For one selected Danube site, a statistical long-term trend measurement and a correlation analysis with hydrological and seasonal patterns were performed as well. The challenge of this work was to combine, analyze and compare data from programs with different objectives, which used different parameters and methods. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive overview of microbiological water quality data of Vienna’s section of the Danube and its associated water bodies that is accessible to the public.

Zusammenfassung

Für die Stadt Wien spielen die Donau und ihre Nebengewässer (Alte und Neue Donau, Mühlwasser, Altarmsystem in der Lobau) eine wichtige Rolle als Naherholungsgebiete und für die Trinkwasserversorgung. Das mikrobiologische Qualitäts-Monitoring für den Raum Wien basiert vorwiegend auf den Standardfäkalindikatorbakterien Escherichia coli und den intestinalen Enterokokken, nützt jedoch auch alternative Fäkalindikatoren, wie Clostridium perfringens und somatische Coliphagen, sowie ausgewählte pathogene Mikroorganismen wie Salmonellen und Enteroviren. Diese Studie präsentiert und vergleicht verfügbare Monitoring-Daten für die Donau und ihre Nebengewässer im Raum Wien aus dem Zeitraum 2004 bis 2014. Ein fünfstufiges Klassifikationssystem erleichtert den Vergleich. Darüber hinaus wurden für eine ausgewählte Donaustelle langzeitige Trends und saisonale Muster der mikrobiologischen Qualität analysiert sowie der hydrologische Einfluss darauf ausgewertet. Die Herausforderung bei der Auswertung war das Zusammenführen, Auswerten und Vergleichen von unterschiedlichsten Datensätzen aus diversen Monitoring-Programmen, die unterschiedliche Untersuchungsparameter und Analysenmethoden beinhalteten. Dies ist der erste umfassende vergleichende Überblick über die mikrobiologische Wasserqualität der Donau und ihrer Nebengewässer in Wien, der für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ist.

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Acknowledgements

This paper was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) as part of the “Vienna Doctoral Program on Water Resource Systems” (W1219-N22), the FWF single project Unify (P23900-B22) and the research project “Groundwater Resource Systems Vienna,” in cooperation with Vienna Water as part of the “(New) Danube-Lower Lobau Network Project” [Gewässervernetzung (Neue) Donau-Untere Lobau (Nationalpark Donau-Auen)] funded by the Government of Austria (Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment & Water Management), the Government of Vienna, and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (project LE 07-13). For laboratory assistance, we also acknowledge the laboratory teams at Vienna Municipal Department 39 (Doris Ruzic, Marian Huth and Markus Hrast) and at the Medical University of Vienna (Sonja Knetsch and Andrea Lettl). We thank the Vienna Municipal Departments 31, 44 and 45 for the permission to publish the data. This work represents a joint effort of the Interuniversity Cooperation Center for Water & Health (www.waterandhealth.at).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Municipal Department 39, Laboratories of Environmental Medicine, Vienna, Austria

    Christina Frick, Wolfgang Zoufal, Christa Zoufal-Hruza, Dagmar Seidl & Theodossia Nadiotis-Tsaka

  2. Unit of Water Hygiene, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Alexander K. T. Kirschner & Regina Sommer

  3. Institute of Hydrology and Water Resource Management, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

    Julia Derx & Alfred P. Blaschke

  4. Institute of Chemical Engineering 166/5, Research Area Biochemical Technology, Research Group Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

    Andreas H. Farnleitner

  5. Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health http://www.waterandhealth.at

    Alexander K. T. Kirschner, Julia Derx, Regina Sommer, Alfred P. Blaschke & Andreas H. Farnleitner

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  1. Christina Frick
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C. Frick, W. Zoufal, C. Zoufal-Hruza, A.K. T. Kirschner, D. Seidl, J. Derx, R. Sommer, A.P. Blaschke, T. Nadiotis-Tsaka and A.H. Farnleitner declare that they have no competing interests.

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Frick, C., Zoufal, W., Zoufal-Hruza, C. et al. The microbiological water quality of Vienna’s River Danube section and its associated water bodies. Österr Wasser- und Abfallw 69, 76–88 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00506-016-0349-9

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