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Blockchain multi-objective optimization approach-enabled secure and cost-efficient scheduling for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in fog-cloud system

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Abstract

These days, the digital health care system has been gaining popularity due to the flexibility of health care services to patients. Based on the digital health care system, the ratio of health care applications has been growing progressively in practice. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is the current emerging digital health care system that leverages the advanced features of wireless networks and cloud computing with different biomedical sensors. Due to the amalgamation of other technologies, IMoT can share data between different connecting nodes; therefore, security and resources cost is the biggest issue in the IMoT system. This study proposed the blockchain-enabled IMoT with cost, deadline, and security constraints. Due to multiple rules, the study formulates this problem as multi-objective combinatorial convex optimization. The objective of the study is to minimize latency and execution cost, which are tradeoffs and conflicting goals for the health care application in the IMoT system. The study devises the novel BECSAF (Blockchain-Enabled Cost-Efficient Scheduling Algorithm Framework), consisting of the following schemes: Smart-Contract-Scheme, Function Verification Pool, Task, and Function Sequencing, Resource Matching, Blockchain-Consensus-Scheme-Task-Scheduling. Simulation results show that BECSAF reduces the security risk by 33%, minimizes the latency by 52%, and minimizes the execution cost by 42% compared to existing studies in the IoMT system for the health care applications.

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Data Availability

All the experimental data are generated at the local servers of institution. Therefore, it cannot be publicly available for other researchers.

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Acknowledgements

Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/126), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

Funding

The project partially supported by Taif University Researchers with Project number (TURSP-2020/126), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan

    Abdullah Lakhan

  2. College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China

    Abdullah Lakhan

  3. College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Anbar, 31001, Iraq

    Mazin Abed Mohammed

  4. College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Mohamed Elhoseny

  5. Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Mohamed Elhoseny

  6. Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Dahman Alshehri

  7. College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, 66001, Iraq

    Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem

Authors
  1. Abdullah Lakhan
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  2. Mazin Abed Mohammed
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  3. Mohamed Elhoseny
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  4. Mohammad Dahman Alshehri
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  5. Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem
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In the study, all authors have an equal contribution to complete the work successfully with the considered idea.

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Correspondence to Mazin Abed Mohammed.

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Lakhan, A., Mohammed, M.A., Elhoseny, M. et al. Blockchain multi-objective optimization approach-enabled secure and cost-efficient scheduling for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in fog-cloud system. Soft Comput 26, 6429–6442 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-07167-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-07167-9

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