Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance analysis and evaluation of ternary optical computer based on asynchronous multiple vacations

  • Focus
  • Published:
Soft Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ternary optical computer (TOC) has become a research hotspot in the field because of the advantages such as inherent parallelism, numerous trits, low power consumption, extendibility, bitwise allocability and dynamical bitwise reconfigurability. Meanwhile, its performance evaluation attracts more and more attentions from potential users and researchers. To model its computing ecology more accurately, this paper first builds a three-staged TOC service model by introducing asynchronous multi-vacations and tandem queueing, and then proposes a task scheduling algorithm and an optical processor allocation algorithm with asynchronous vacations of some small optical processors after dividing equally the entire optical processor into several small optical processors which can be used independently. At the same time, the analytical model was established to obtain important performance indicators such as response time, the number of tasks and utilization of optical processor, based on M/M/1 and M/M/n queuing system with asynchronous multi-vacations. In addition, relevant numerical simulation experiments are conducted. The results illustrate that the number of small optical processors, vacation rate and the number of small optical processors allowed to be on vacation have important effects on the system performance. Compared with synchronous vacation, asynchronous vacation not only ensures the system to obtain better maintenance but also improves the system performance to some degree.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ambs P (2010) Optical computing: a 60-year adventure. Adv Opt Technol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/372652

  • Burke PJ (1956) The output of a queueing system. Oper Res 26(6):699–704

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Burke PJ (1968) The output process of a stationary M/M/s queueing system. Ann Math Stat 39(4):1144–1152

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gao H, Jin Y, Song K (2013) Extension of C language in ternary optical computer. J Shanghai Univ (Nat Sci) 19(3):280–285 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross D, Shortie JF, Thompson JM et al (2008) Fundamentals of queueing theory, 4th edn. Wiley, New Jersey

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heinz RA, Artman JO, Lee SH (1970) Matrix multiplication by optical methods. Appl Opt 9:2161–2168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Y, He HC, Lü YT (2003) Ternary optical computer principle. Sci China F Inf Sci 46(2):145–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Y, He HC, Lü YT (2005) Ternary optical computer architecture. Phys Scr 118:98–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin Y, Shen YF, Peng JJ et al (2010) Principles and construction of MSD adder in ternary optical computer. Sci China F Inf Sci 53(11):2159–2168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin Y, Ouyang S, Song K et al (2013) Management of many data bits in ternary optical computers. Sci China (Inf Sci) 43(3):361–373 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin Y, Zhang SL, Li S et al (2019) The computing-data file: a key technology of applying ternary optical computer. J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ (Chin Ed) 53(5):584–592

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinrock L (1975) Queueing systems: theory, vol 1. Wikey-Interscience, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Jin Y, Liu YJ (2018) Initial SZG file generation software for ternary optical computer. J Shanghai Univ (Nat Sci) 24(2):181–191 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Li WJ, Zhang HH et al (2019) Research and implementation of parallel artificial bee colony algorithm based on ternary optical computer. Automatika 60(4):422–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu SB, Jin Y, Peng JJ et al. (2009) The response time measurement system of optical computer component. In: International conference on information engineering and computer science. IEEE, NJ, pp 1986–1990

  • Neuts MF (1981) Matrix-geometric solutions on stochastic models-an algorithmic approach. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ouyang S, Peng JJ, Jin Y et al (2016) Structure and theory of dual-space storage for ternary optical computer. Sci China (Inf Sci) 46(6):743–762 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng JJ, Shen R, Jin Y et al (2014) Design and implementation of modified signed-digit adder. IEEE Trans Comput 63(5):1134–1143

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Peng JJ, Wei XY, Zhang XF et al (2017) Implementation of parallel FFT algorithm on a ternary optical computer. Sci China (Inf Sci) 47(7):846–862 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng JJ, Fu YY, Zhang XF et al (2018) Implementation of DFT application on ternary optical computer. Optics Commun 410:424–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rashed ANZ, Mohammed AE-NA, Zaky WF et al (2019) The switching of optoelectronics to full optical computing operations based on nonlinear metamaterials. Res Phys 13:102152

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen YF, Pan L (2014) Principle of a one-step MSD adder for a ternary optical computer. Sci China (Ser F) 57(1):012107-1-012107–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Song K, Jin Y (2011) Overall plan and design of the task management system of ternary optical computer. J Shanghai Univ 15(5):467–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song K, Yan LP (2012) Design and implementation of the one-step MSD adder of optical computer. Appl Opt 51(7):917–926

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song K, Chen G, Jin QQ et al (2019) Design of MSD multiplier for ternary optical computer processor based on minimum module. Opt Commun 448:33–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song K, Jin QQ, Chen G et al (2020) Algorithm on higher-order derivative based on ternary optical computer. IEEE Access 8:64499–64513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart WJ (2009) Probability, Markov chains, queues, and simulation-the mathematical basis of performance modeling. Princeton University Press, New Jersey

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tian NS, Li QL (2000) The M/M/c queue with PH synchronous vacations. Syst Sci Math Sci 13(1):7–16

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tian NS, Zhang ZG (2006) Vacation queueing models theory and applications. Springer, New York

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XC, Peng JJ, Li M et al (2010) Carry-free vector–matrix multiplication on a dynamically reconfigurable optical platform. Appl Opt 49(12):2352–2362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XC, Peng JJ, Ouyang S (2011) Control method for the optical components of a dynamically reconfigurable optical platform. Appl Opt 50(5):662–670

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XC, Zhang J, Gao S et al (2020a) Performance analysis and evaluation of ternary optical computer based on a queueing system with synchronous multi-vacations. IEEE Access 8:67214–67227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang XC, Zhang SL, Zhang M, et al (2017) Performance analysis of a ternary optical computer based on M/M/1 queueing system. In: International conference on algorithms and architectures for parallel processing. Springer, Switzerland AG, pp 331–344

  • Wang XC, Zhang SL, Gao S et al. (2019) Response time of a ternary optical computer that is based on queuing systems. J Supercomput, pp 1–20

  • Wang XC, Zhang J, Gao S et al. (2020b) Response time of a ternary optical computer based on complex queueing system with synchronous multi-vacations. In: International conference on applications and techniques in cyber security and intelligence. Springer, Switzerland AG, pp 1180–1188

  • Xu Q, Wang XC (2017) Service model and performance analysis of ternary optical computer based on complex queuing system. J Natl Univ Defense Technol 39(2):140–145 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Q, Jin Y, Shen YF et al (2016) MSD iterative division algorithm and implementation technique for a ternary optical computer. Sci China (Inf Sci) 46(4):539–550 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Q, Wang XC, Xu C (2017) Design and implementation of the modified signed digit multiplication routine on a ternary optical computer. Appl Opt 56(16):4661–4669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan JY, Jin Y, Zuo KZ (2008) Decrease-radix design principle for carrying/borrowing free multi-valued and application in ternary optical computer. Sci China F Inf Sci 51(10):1415–1426

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zangeneh-nejad F, Khavasi A, Rejaei B (2018) Analog optical computing by half-wavelength slabs. Opt Commun 407:338–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Jin Y, Song K et al (2014) MPI programming based on ternary optical computer in supercomputer. J Shanghai Univ (Nat Sci) 20(2):180–189 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang HL, Zhou J, Zhang SL et al (2017) Design and implementation of positive and negative discriminator of MSD data for ternary optical processor. J Comput Res Dev 54(6):1391–1404 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang SL, Peng JJ, Shen YF et al (2018) Programming model and implementation mechanism for ternary optical computer. Opt Commun 428:26–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang SL, Shen YF, Zhao ZY (2020) Design and implementation of a three-lane CA traffic flow model on ternary optical computer. Opt Commun 470:125750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Chen R, Chen W et al (2020) Optical analog computing devices designed by deep neural network. Opt Commun 458:124674

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Yi Jin in Shanghai University for providing the optical platform.

Funding

This research was funded by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Nos. 61672006 and 61862023, the Key Project of Natural Science Research in Anhui, Grant Nos. KJ2019A0533 and KJ2019A0535.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer and Information Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China

    Xianchao Wang, Xianchuan Wang, Man Ling & Dayou Hou

  2. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, Anhui, China

    Jie Zhang

  3. School of Information Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China

    Kai Song

Authors
  1. Xianchao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xianchuan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jie Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Man Ling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dayou Hou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kai Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, Xianchao Wang; methodology, Jie Zhang and Xianchao Wang; software, Xianchuan Wang and Dayou Hou; validation, Xianchuan Wang and Man Ling; writing—original draft preparation, Xianchuan Wang; writing—review and editing, Xianchao Wang; visualization, Kai Song; project administration, Xianchao Wang; funding acquisition, Xianchao Wang, Kai Song and Xianchuan Wang.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xianchao Wang, Xianchuan Wang or Jie Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. And the funders had no role in the design of the study.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

All authors have read and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript.

Additional information

Communicated by Deepak kumar Jain.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, X., Wang, X., Zhang, J. et al. Performance analysis and evaluation of ternary optical computer based on asynchronous multiple vacations. Soft Comput 27, 4107–4123 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06656-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06656-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation