Abstract
Polyploidy or whole genome duplication is a frequent and recurrent phenomenon in flowering plants that has played a major role in their diversification, adaptation and speciation. The adaptive success of polyploids relates to the different evolutionary fates of duplicated genes. In this study, we explored the impact of the whole genome triplication (WGT) event in the Brassiceae tribe on the genes involved in the self-incompatibility (SI) signalling pathway, a mechanism allowing recognition and rejection of self-pollen in hermaphrodite plants. By taking advantage of the knowledge acquired on this pathway as well as of several reference genomes in Brassicaceae species, we determined copy number of the different genes involved in this pathway and investigated their structural and functional evolutionary dynamics. We could infer that whereas most genes involved in the SI signalling returned to single copies after the WGT event (i.e. ARC1, JDP1, THL1, THL2, Exo70A01) in diploid Brassica species, a few were retained in duplicated (GLO1 and PLDα) or triplicated copies (MLPK). We also carefully studied the gene structure of these latter duplicated genes (including the conservation of functional domains and active sites) and tested their transcription in the stigma to identify which copies seem to be involved in the SI signalling pathway. By taking advantage of these analyses, we then explored the putative origin of a contrasted SI phenotype between two Brassica rapa varieties that have been fully sequenced and shared the same S-allele (S60).
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AMC, HHA and MRG involved in conceptualization; TA, ML, JF, GT, SN, JB, JL and MRG carried out experiments; TA, AMC, HHA, JF, MRG and XV involved in data analyses; MMG involved in plant care; and MRG, AMC, HHA, XV, TA and JF involved in writing.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the University of Science and Technology Houari Boumedienne (USTHB), Faculty of Biological Sciences, LBPO, the team Biosystematics, Genetics and Evolution, Algiers and French National Research Institute for Agronomy (INRA). The present work was financially supported by the Accord-Programme of the Algerian-French Convention CMEP-TASSILI (16MDU952) as well as by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant (No. 791908) awarded to Julie Ferreira de Carvalho. We also thank our colleagues who took care of our plants in the greenhouse (especially L. Charlon, P. Rolland, J.P. Constantin, J.M. Lucas, and F. Letertre).
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Azibi, T., Hadj-Arab, H., Lodé, M. et al. Impact of whole genome triplication on the evolutionary history and the functional dynamics of regulatory genes involved in Brassica self-incompatibility signalling pathway. Plant Reprod 33, 43–58 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-020-00385-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-020-00385-x