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Differential expression of heat shock and floral regulatory genes in pseudocarpel initials of mantled female inflorescences from Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

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Transcriptomes generated by laser capture microdissected abnormal staminodes revealed adoption of carpel programming during organ initiation with decreased expression of numerousHSPs,EgDEF1, EgGLO1but increasedLEAFYexpression.

Abstract

The abnormal mantled phenotype in oil palm involves a feminization of the male staminodes into pseudocarpels in pistillate inflorescences. Previous studies on oil palm flowering utilized entire inflorescences or spikelets, which comprised not only the male and female floral organs, but the surrounding tissues as well. Laser capture microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the specific transcriptomes of male and female floral organs from normal and mantled female inflorescences. A higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in abnormal versus normal male organs compared with abnormal versus normal female organs. In addition, the abnormal male organ transcriptome closely mimics the transcriptome of abnormal female organ. While the transcriptome of abnormal female organ was relatively similar to the normal female organ, a substantial amount of female DEGs encode HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN genes (HSPs). A similar high amount (20%) of male DEGs encode HSPs as well. As these genes exhibited decreased expression in abnormal floral organs, mantled floral organ development may be associated with lower stress indicators. Stamen identity genes EgDEF1 and EgGLO1 were the main floral regulatory genes with decreased expression in abnormal male organs or pseudocarpel initials. Expression of several floral transcription factors was elevated in pseudocarpel initials, notably LEAFY, FIL and DL orthologs, substantiating the carpel specification programming of abnormal staminodes. Specific transcriptomes thus obtained through this approach revealed a host of differentially regulated genes in pseudocarpel initials compared to normal male staminodes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Director-General of the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) for permission to publish this study. Our deepest appreciation goes to Masniyana J., Zamzuri I., Feshah I., Rosna A., Roslan N. and Azizah M. of the Breeding and Tissue Culture Unit, MPOB, Nor Azwani A. B. of MPOB Keratong and the Bioinformatics Unit, MPOB, for their invaluable technical support and advice throughout this study. This study was funded by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board.

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  1. Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Siew-Eng Ooi, Norashikin Sarpan, Azimi Nuraziyan & Meilina Ong-Abdullah

  2. Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre (CaRC), Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Norazlin Abdul Aziz

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  1. Siew-Eng Ooi
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  2. Norashikin Sarpan
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  3. Norazlin Abdul Aziz
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Correspondence to Siew-Eng Ooi or Meilina Ong-Abdullah.

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Communicated by Dolf Weijers.

Siew-Eng Ooi and Meilina Ong-Abdullah are joint corresponding authors.

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Ooi, SE., Sarpan, N., Abdul Aziz, N. et al. Differential expression of heat shock and floral regulatory genes in pseudocarpel initials of mantled female inflorescences from Elaeis guineensis Jacq.. Plant Reprod 32, 167–179 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-018-0350-5

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