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Effect of tropospheric ozone and its protectants on gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes and quality of Garlic (Allium sativum. L)

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Abstract

An experimental study was conducted to assess the detrimental effect of ground-level ozone (O3) on garlic physiology and to find out appropriate control measures against ground-level O3, at TNAU-Horticultural Research farm, Udhagamandalam. Elevated ground ozone levels significantly decreased garlic leaf chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total soluble solids and pungency. The garlic chlorophyll content was highest in ambient ozone level and lowest in elevated ozone@200 ppb, highest stomatal conductance was recorded in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 3%Panchagavya, and the lowest was observed in elevated ozone@200 ppb. Since the elevated O3 had reduced in garlic photosynthetic rate significantly the lowest was observed in elevated O3@200 ppb and the highest photosynthetic rate was observed in ambient Ozone with foliar spray 3% of panchagavya after a week. The antioxidant enzymes of garlic were increased with increased concentration of tropospheric ozone. The highest catalase (60.97 µg of H2O2/g of leaf) and peroxidase (9.13 ΔA/min/g of leaf) concentration was observed at 200 ppb elevated ozone level. Garlic pungency content was highest in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 0.1% ascorbic acid and the lowest was observed under elevated O3@200 ppb. Highest total soluble solids were observed in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 3%Panchagavya and the lowest observed in elevated ozone@200 ppb. Thus, tropospheric ozone has a detrimental impact on the physiology of crops, which reduced crop growth and yield. Under elevated O3 levels, ascorbic acid performed well followed by panchagavya and neem oil. The antioxidant such as catalase and peroxidase had positive correlation among themselves and had negative correlation with chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, pungency and TSS. The photosynthetic rate has high positive correlation with chlorophyll content, pungency and TSS. Correlation analysis confirmed the negative effects of tropospheric ozone and garlic gas exchange parameters and clove quality. The ozone protectants will reduce stomatal opening by which the entry of O3 in to the cell will be restricted and other hand they also will alleviate ROS and allied stresses.

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Data availability

1. The datasets analyzed during this current study are available from the corresponding author and it is a part of my post-graduate thesis.

2. “The growth and yield of the garlic crop due to elevated levels of O3” have added to the reference and its citation is “Gayathri J, Boomiraj K, Avudainayagam S, Maheswari M, Chandrasekhar CN, Karthikeyan S. Impact of tropospheric ozone on growth and yield of garlic in high altitude region of Western Ghats. Int J Chem Stud 2019;7(3):3099–3101”.

3. The ambient O3 data have been retrieved from the project ISRO-GBP (ATCTM) which was unpublished data. The project undergoing in our institution.

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Acknowledgements

The Authors thank ISRO-GBP Climate Change Observatory, Ooty, Department of Environmental Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore for providing laboratory facilities and Horticultural Research Station, Woodhouse Farm, Ooty, who facilitated and supported the smooth conduct of the field experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Environment Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Gayathri JawaharJothi

  2. Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Boomiraj Kovilpillai

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Gayathri JawaharJothi, Boomiraj Kovilpillai, Avudainayagam Subramanian & Jayabalakrishnan Raja Mani

  4. Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Sudhir Kumar

  5. Department of Physical Science and Information Technology Tamil, Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Balaji Kannan

  6. JKK Munirajah College of Agricultural Science, Tamil Nadu, Erode dt, India

    Sudhakaran Mani

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Contributions

GJ execution of fieldwork, sample collection, analysis and final preparation of thesis and submitted. BK and GJ developed formulated and designed the idea and performed the entire correction of the work and finally shaped it. AS was the chairman of the advisory committee. JRM and SM analyzed the air quality of the research location. SK contributed in correcting the manuscript and BK did statistical analysis.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Boomiraj Kovilpillai.

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JawaharJothi, G., Kovilpillai, B., Subramanian, A. et al. Effect of tropospheric ozone and its protectants on gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes and quality of Garlic (Allium sativum. L). Int J Biometeorol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-024-02642-4

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