Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of thermo-physiological, hematological, and molecular changes in response to seasonal variations in two tropically adapted native cattle breeds of Bos indicus lineage in hot arid ambience of Thar Desert

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Biometeorology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The selection of climate resilient animal is necessary to secure the future of sustainable animal production. The present investigation therefore was an effort to unravel answers to the adaptation at physiological, hematological, and molecular levels in cows of hot arid region that helps them to survive harsh environment, to continue production and reproduction. This investigation was carried out in indicine cows over a period of one year, encompassing four seasons, wherein physiological data of 50 animals, hematological data of 15 animals, and gene expression profile of 5 animals from each of Sahiwal and Kankrej breeds per season was generated. In total, 5600 physiological observations, 1344 hematological observations, and 480 molecular samples were processed. The meteorological data revealed a high diurnal variation of temperature across seasons, with THI exceeding 80 during the months of summer and hot-humid seasons, indicating significant heat stress (HS). The physiological parameters showed an increasing trend with the incremental THI, with significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), and body surface temperature (BST) at ventral (VT), lateral (LT), dorsal (DT), and frontal (FT), in both breeds recorded during HS. The hematological pictures also revealed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal perturbations in erythrocytic and leucocytic parameters. Moreover, the molecular response was driven by a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of all the key HSPs, HSP70, HSP90, HSP60, and HSP40, except HSP27 during the hotter months of summer and hot-humid seasons. The expression of HSF1, an important transcriptional regulator of  HSP70 was also significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated during summer season in both breeds. All the molecular chaperones revealed a significant upregulation during the summer season, followed by a decreasing trend by hot-humid season. The study indicated a well-developed thermotolerance mechanism in animals of both breeds, with Kankrej cows exhibiting better thermotolerance compared to Sahiwal cows.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Aengwanich W, Kongbuntad W, Boonsorn T (2011) Effects of shade on physiological changes, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power in Thai Brahman cattle. Int J Biometeorol 55(5):741–748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aggarwal A, Singh SV, Badrealam KF, Renuka AK, Anil K (2016) Haematological and hormonal profile of various breeds of cattle and buffalo under varied seasons and environmental conditions. ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. NDRI Publication Np, 146, 2016

  • Al-Haidary AA (2004) Physiological responses of Naimey sheep to heat stress challenge under semi-arid environments. Int J Agric Biol 2:307–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Kanaan AJJ (2016) Heat stress response for physiological traits in dairy and dual purpose cattle populations on phenotypic and genetic scales. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Kassel, Germany

  • Alam MM, Hashem MA, Rahman MM, Hossain MM, Haque MR, Sobhan Z, Islam MS (2011) Effect of heat stress on behavior, physiological and blood parameters of goat. Progress Agric 22(1–2):37–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Alyamani D, Koluman N (2020) Impact various seasons on expression patterns HSP60 and physiological parameters. J Dairy Vet Anim Res 9(1):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Amamou H, Beckers Y, Mahouachi M, Hammami H (2019) Thermotolerance indicators related to production and physiological responses to heat stress of holstein cows. J Therm Biol 82:90–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babeker EA, Elmansoury YH, Suleem AE (2013) The influence of season on blood constituents of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries). Online J Anim Feed Res 3(1):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Baena MM, Tizioto PC, Meirelles SL, Regitano LC (2018) HSF1 and HSPA6 as functional candidate genes associated with heat tolerance in Angus cattle. R Bras Zootec 47

  • Banerjee D, Ashutosh (2011) Circadian changes in physiological responses and blood ionized sodium and potassium concentrations under thermal exposure in Tharparkar and Karan Fries heifers. Biol Rhythm Res 42(2):131–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP Jr (2013) Effects of heat stress on postabsorptive metabolism and energetics. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 1(1):311–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty DT, Barnes A, Taylor E, Pethick D, McCarthy M, Maloney SK (2006) Physiological responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle to prolonged, continuous heat andhumidity. J Anim Sci 84(4):972–985

  • Beckham JT, Mackanos MA, Crooke C, Takahashl T, O’Connell-Rodwell C, Contag CH, Jansen ED (2004) Assessment of cellular response to thermal laser injury through bioluminescence imaging of heat shock protein 70. Photochem Photobiol 79(1):76–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhan C, Singh SV, Hooda OK, Upadhyay RC, Beenam VM, Mangesh V (2013) Influence of temperature variability on physiological, hematological and biochemical profile of growing and adult sahiwal cattle. J Environ Res 7(2A)

  • Casella S, Scianò S, Zumbo A, Monteverde V, Fazio F, Piccione G (2013) Effect of seasonal variations in Mediterranean area on haematological profile in dairy cow. Comp Clin Path 22(4):691–695

  • Castillo C, Hernandez J, Valverde I, Pereira V, Sotillo J, Alonso ML, Benedito JL (2006) Plasma malonaldehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS) during lactation in dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 80(2):133–139

  • Catozzi C, Ávila G, Zamarian V, Pravettoni D, Sala G, Ceciliani F, Lacetera N, Lecchi C (2020) In-vitro effect of heat stress on bovine monocytes lifespan and polarization. Immunobiology 225(2):151888

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary SS, Singh VK, Upadhyay RC, Puri G, Odedara AB, Patel PA (2015) Evaluation of physiological and biochemical responses in different seasons in Surti buffaloes. Vet world 8(6):727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan SS, Celi P, Fahri FT, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR (2014) Dietary antioxidants at supranutritional doses modulate skeletal muscle heat shock protein and inflammatory gene expression in sheep exposed to heat stress. J Anim Sci 92(11):4897–908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collier RJ, Dahl GE, VanBaale MJ (2006) Major advances associated with environmental effects on dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 89(4):1244–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Concannon CG, Gorman AM, Samali A (2003) On the role of Hsp27 in regulating apoptosis. Apoptosis 8(1):61–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dangi SS, Gupta M, Maurya D, Yadav VP, Panda RP, Singh G, Mohan NH, Bhure SK, Das BC, Bag S, Mahapatra R (2012) Expression profile of HSP genes during different seasons in goats (Capra hircus). Trop Anim Health 44(8):1905–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das SK, Upadhyay RC, Madan ML (1997) Changes in skin temperature and physiological reactions in Murrah buffalo during solar exposure in summer. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 10(5):478–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das R, Sailo L, Verma N, Bharti P, Saikia J (2016) Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: a review. Vet world 9(3):260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis AK, Maney DL, Maerz JC (2008) The use of leukocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: a review for ecologists. Funct Ecol 22(5):760–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Andrade FR, Garcia HD, Aristizábal VH, de Souza NC, Veríssimo CJ, Sartori JR, Sartori R, Ferreira JC (2017) Thermoregulatory responses of Holstein cows exposed to experimentally induced heat stress. J Therm Biol 66:68–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Lima V, Piles M, Rafel O, López-Béjar M, Ramón J, Velarde A, Dalmau A (2013) Use of infrared thermography to assess the influence of high environmental temperature on rabbits. Res Vet Sci 95(2):802–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deb R, Sajjanar B, Singh U, Kumar S, Singh R, Sengar G, Sharma A (2014) Effect of heat stress on the expression profile of Hsp90 among Sahiwal (Bos indicus) and Frieswal (Bos indicus× Bos taurus) breed of cattle: a comparative study. Gene 536(2):435–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eitam H, Brosh A, Orlov A, Izhaki I, Shabtay A (2009) Caloric stress alters fat characteristics and Hsp70 expression in milk somatic cells of lactating beef cows. Cell Stress Chaperones 14(2):173–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fagiolo A, Lai O, AlfIeri L, Nardon A and Cavallina R (2004) Environmental factor and different managements that influence the metabolic endocrine and immune response in water buffalo during lactation. Seventh world buffalo congress, Manila, Philippines

  • Gadariya MR, Patel AM, Dhami AJ (2008) Influence of work stress on certain blood constituents of bullocks subjected to cart loads and ploughing under comfort and stressful climatic conditions. Indian J Dairy Sci 61(1):66–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Gantner V, Mijić P, Kuterovac K, Solić D, Gantner R (2011) Temperature-humidity index values and their significance on the daily production of dairy cattle. Mljekarstvo: časopis za unaprjeđenje proizvodnje i prerade mlijeka. 61(1):56–63

  • Garner JB, Chamberlain AJ, Vander Jagt C, Nguyen TT, Mason BA, Marett LC, Leury BJ, Wales WJ, Hayes BJ (2020) Gene expression of the heat stress response in bovine peripheral white blood cells and milk somatic cells in vivo. Sci Rep 10(1):1–2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gill JK, Arora JS, Kumar BS, Mukhopadhyay CS, Kaur S, Kashyap N (2017) Cellular thermotolerance is independent of HSF 1 expression in zebu and crossbred non-lactating cattle. Int J Biometeorol 61(9):1687–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habibu B, Dzenda T, Ayo JO, Yaqub LS, Kawu MU (2018) Haematological changes and plasma fluid dynamics in livestock during thermal stress, and response to mitigative measures. Livest Sci 214:189–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen PJ (2013) Cellular and molecular basis of therapies to ameliorate effects of heat stress on embryonic development in cattle. Anim Reprod 10(3):322–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen PJ (2004) Physiological and cellular adaptations of zebu cattle to thermal stress. Anim Reprod Sci 82:349–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper HB, dos Santos SP, de Oliveira SA, Merighe GK, Negrão JA (2018) Acute heat stress induces changes in physiological and cellular responses in Saanen goats. Int J Biometeorol 62(12):2257–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu H, Zhang Y, Zheng N, Cheng J, Wang J (2016) The effect of heat stress on gene expression and synthesis of heat-shock and milk proteins in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Anim Sci J87(1):84–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (2010) Livestock and climate change. http://www.ifad.org/lrkm/events/cops/papers/climate.pdf

  • Jeelani R, Konwar D, Khan A, Kumar D, Chakraborty D, Brahma B (2019) Reassessment of temperature-humidity index for measuring heat stress in crossbred dairy cattle of a sub-tropical region. J Therm Biol 82:99–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jian W, Ke Y, Cheng L (2015) Physiological responses and lactation to cutaneous evaporative heat loss in Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and their crossbreds. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 28(11):1558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kampinga HH, Craig EA (2010) The HSP70 chaperone machinery: J proteins as drivers of functional specificity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11(8):579–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Key N, Sneeringer S (2014) Potential effects of climate change on the productivity of US dairies. Am J Agric Econ 96(4):1136–1156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim WS, Ghassemi Nejad J, Roh SG, Lee HG (2020) Heat-shock proteins gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as an indicator of heat stress in beef calves. Animals 10(5):895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kishore A, Sodhi M, Kumari P, Mohanty AK, Sadana DK, Kapila N, Khate K, Shandilya U, Kataria RS, Mukesh M (2014) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a potential cellular system to understand differential heat shock response across native cattle (Bos indicus), exotic cattle (Bos taurus), and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of India. Cell Stress Chaperones 19(5):613–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korde JP, Singh G, Varshney VP, Shukla DC (2007) Effects of long-term heat exposure on adaptive mechanism of blood acid-base in buffalo calves. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 20(5):742–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koubkova M, Knizkova L, Kunc P, Hartlova H, Flusser J, Dolezal O (2002) Influence of high environmental temperatures and evaporative cooling on some physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters in high-yielding dairy cows. Czech J Anim Sci 47(8):309–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kregel KC (2002) Invited review: heat shock proteins: modifying factors in physiological stress responses and acquired thermotolerance. J Appl Physiol 92(5):2177–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar JI, Kumar MU, Madan A, Singh YA, Yadav BR, Anand MU (2017) Effect of Seasonon Physiological Parameters and Production Profile of Hariana and Sahiwal Cattle. Haryana Vet 56:69–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar V (2005) Effect of thermal stress management on nutritional, physiological and behavioural responses of buffalo heifers. Doctoral dissertation, Deemed University, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar

  • Kumar P (2016) A comparative study on expression profile of HSP genes during different seasons in goat breeds. Master’s thesis, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa VigyanVishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura

  • Kumar A, Ashraf S, Goud TS, Grewal A, Singh SV, Yadav BR, Upadhyay RC (2015) Expression profiling of major heat shock protein genes during different seasons in cattle (Bos indicus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) under tropical climatic condition. J Therm Biol 51:55–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lakhani P, Alhussien MN, Lakhani N, Jindal R, Nayyar S (2018) Seasonal variation in physiological responses, stress and metabolic-related hormones, and oxidative status of Murrah buffaloes. Biol Rhythm Res 49(6):844–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lateef A, Das H, Panchasara HH, Nilufar H, Sanap MJ (2014) Seasonal effects on milk yield, erythrocytic and leukocytic indices of Kankrej cattle (Bos indicus). Vet world 7(7)

  • Limasenla (2013) Expression profile of HSP genes during different seasons in Black Bengal goat. Master’s dissertation, IVRI, Izatnagar

  • Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2− ΔΔCT method. Methods 25(4):402–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoud UT, Abdel-Rahman MA, Darwish MH, Mosaad GM (2013) The effect of heat stress on blood picture of japanese quail. J Adv Vet Res 3(2):69–76

  • Maibam U, Hooda OK, Sharma PS, Singh SV, Mohanty AK, Upadhyay RC (2017) Seasonal variation in HSP70 expression and oxidative stress in skin of zebu (Tharparkar) and crossbred (Karan Fries) cattle under tropical climate. Biol Rhythm Res 48(4):647–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marai IFM, Habeeb AAM (2010) Buffalo’s biological functions as affected by heat stress—a review. Livestock Sci 127(2–3):89–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazzullo G, Rifici C, Caccamo G, Rizzo M, Piccione G (2014) Effect of different environmental conditions on some haematological parameters in cow. Ann Anim Sci 14(4):947

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohanarao GJ, Mukherjee A, Banerjee D, Gohain M, Dass G, Brahma B, Datta TK, Upadhyay RC, De S (2014) HSP70 family genes and HSP27 expression in response to heat and cold stress in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of goat (Capra hircus). Small Rumin Res 116(2–3):94–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naik BR, Kumar AV, Ravi A, Bramhaiah KV, Chakravarthi VP (2013) Effect of seasons on physiological and hematological values in Punganur cattle. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 4(4)

  • Narayan U, Singh DV, Sharma RJ (2007) Physiological responses in Holstein-Friesian crossbred lactating cows under heat stress ameliorating treatments. Indian J Anim Res 41(2):130–3

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (NRC) (1971) A guide to environmental research on animals. National Academies

  • NRC (2001) Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. In: Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Research Council, 7th edn. National Academy Press, Washington D.C

  • Ohtsuka K, Hata M (2000) Molecular chaperone function of mammalian Hsp70 and Hsp40-a review. Int J Hyperthermia 16(3):231–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omran FI, Ashour G, Youssef MM, Shafie MM (2011) Responses of hematology, blood metabolites, mineral ions and hormonal profile to heat stress for Egyptian buffalo-calves. Egypt J Agric Res 89(3):1129–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Parmar MS, Madan AK, Rastogi SK, Huozha R (2013) Comparative study of seasonal variations on hematological profile in sahiwal cows (Bos Indicus) and Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). J Anim Res 3(2):167

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira AM, Titto EL, Infante P, Titto CG, Geraldo AM, Alves A, Leme TM, Baccari F Jr, Almeida JA (2014) Evaporative heat loss in Bos taurus: do different cattle breeds cope with heat stress in the same way? J Therm Biol 45:87–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt WB, Toft DO (2003) Regulation of signaling protein function and trafficking by the hsp90/hsp70-based chaperone machinery. Exp Biol Med 228(2):111–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radostits OM, Mayhew IG, Houston DM (2000) Veterinary clinical examination and diagnosis. WB Saunders

  • Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Suagee JK, Sanders SR (2013) Nutritional interventions to alleviate the negative consequences of heat stress. Adv Nutr 4(3):267–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sailo L, Gupta ID, Das R, Chaudhari MV (2017) Physiological response to thermal stress in Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows. Int J Livest Res 7(5):275–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakatani M, Balboula AZ, Yamanaka K, Takahashi M (2012) Effect of summer heat environment on body temperature, estrous cycles and blood antioxidant levels in Japanese Black cow. Anim Sci J 83(5):394–402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salak-Johnson JL, McGlone JJ (2007) Making sense of apparently conflicting data: stress and immunity in swine and cattle. J Anim Sci 85(13):E81–E88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scharf B, Carroll JA, Riley DG, Chase CC Jr, Coleman SW, Keisler DH, Weaber RL, Spiers DE (2010) Evaluation of physiological and blood serum differences in heat-tolerant (Romosinuano) and heat-susceptible (Angus) Bos taurus cattle during controlled heat challenge. J Anim Sci 88(7):2321–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sejian V, Maurya VP, Naqvi SM (2010) Adaptability and growth of Malpura ewes subjected to thermal and nutritional stress. Trop Anim Health 42(8):1763–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sengar GS, Deb R, Singh U, Raja TV, Kant R, Sajjanar B, Alex R, Alyethodi RR, Kumar A, Kumar S, Singh R (2017) Differential expression of microRNAs associated with thermal stress in Frieswal (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) crossbred dairy cattle. Cell Stress Chaperones 23(1):155–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shandilya UK, Sharma A, Sodhi M, Mukesh M (2020) Heat stress modulates differential response in skin fibroblast cells of native cattle (Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Biosci Rep 40(2)

  • Sheikh AA, Aggarwal A, Aarif O (2016) Effect of in vitro zinc supplementation on HSPs expression and Interleukin 10 production in heat treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of transition Sahiwal and Karan Fries cows. J Therm Biol 56:68–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shrikhande GB, Rode AM, Pradhan MS, Satpute AK (2008) Seasonal effect on the composition of blood in cattle. Vet World 1(11):341

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Sehgal JP, Khan JR, Sharma HD (2014) Effect of different seasons on feed efficiency, plasma hormones and milk production in lactating cows vs Parity. Livest Res Rural Dev 3(3.42):3–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh AK, Upadhyay RC, Chandra G, Kumar S, Malakar D, Singh SV, Singh MK (2020) Genomewide expression analysis of the heat stress response in dermal fibroblasts of Tharparkar (zebu) and Karan-Fries (zebu× taurine) cattle. Cell Stress Chaperones 25(2):327–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Sones K, Grace D, MacMillan S, Tarawali S, Herrero M (2013) Beyond milk, meat, and eggs: role of livestock in food and nutrition security. Anim Front 3(1):6–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sreenivasaiah K (2016) Climate change and its impact on milk production in India. In. Climate Change Challenge (3C) and Social-Economic-Ecological Interface-Building pp. 531–547. Springer, Cham

  • Srikandakumar A, Johnson EH (2004) Effect of heat stress on milk production, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and blood chemistry in Holstein, Jersey and Australian Milking Zebu cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 36(7):685–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • St-Pierre NR, Cobanov B, Schnitkey G (2003) Economic losses from heat stress by U.S. livestock industries. J Dairy Sci 86:E52-77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tej NKJ, Varma G, Abhina M, Adarsh N, Karthiayini K, Gleeja VL (2018) Impact of season on haematological and biochemical parameters of crossbred female calves in hot and humid tropics. Biol Rhythm Res 49(2):267–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Upadhyay RC, Ashutosh RV, Singh SV, Aggarwal P (2009) Impact of Climate Change on reproductive functions of cattle and buffaloes. In: Aggarwal PK (ed) Global Climate Change and Indian Agriculture. ICAR, New Delhi, pp 107–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaidya M, Kumar P, Singh SV (2010) Effect of temperature humidity index and heat load on physiological parameters of murrah buffaloes and karan fries cattle during different seasons. WJAS 57–8

  • Vamsikrishna K (2012) Gene expression profiling in indigeneous cattle and buffalo peripheral blood leukocytes in response to heat stress. Doctoral dissertation, NDRI, Karnal, India

  • Vihervaara A, Sistonen L (2014) HSF1 at a glance. J Cell Sci 127(2):261–6. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.132605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voigt GL, Swist SL (2011) Hematology techniques and concepts for veterinary technicians. John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss DJ and Souza CD (2010) Monocytes and macrophages and their disorders. In. Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology 6th ed. John Willey and Sons Inc. New York, p.300

  • Wang S, Diller KR, Aggarwal SJ (2003) Kinetics study of endogenous heat shock protein 70 expression. J Biomech Eng 125(6):794–797

  • Wholgemouth SE, Ramirez-Lee Y, Tao S, Monteiro APA, Ahmed BM, Dahl GE (2016) Effect of heat stress on markers of autophagy in the mammary gland during the dry period. J Dairy Sci 99(6):4875–4880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood D and Quiroz-Rocha GF (2010) Normal hematology of cattle. In: Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ (eds.) Schalm’s veterinary hematology, pp.829–835

  • Yadav VP, Dangi SS, Chouhan VS, Gupta M, Dangi SK, Singh G, Maurya VP, Kumar P, Sarkar M (2016) Expression analysis of NOS family and HSP genes during thermal stress in goat (Capra hircus). Int J Biometeorol 60(3):381–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to ICAR for providing financial assistance under National Fellow project.

Funding

This research was financially supported by Indian Council of Agricultural Research under ICAR National Fellow scheme.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rajasthan University of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India

    Gayatri Gujar, Vijay Kumar Choudhary & Monika Choudhary

  2. National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India

    Gayatri Gujar, Prince Vivek, Monika Sodhi, Manish Tiwari, Nampher Masharing & Manishi Mukesh

  3. ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal, India

    Manishi Mukesh

Authors
  1. Gayatri Gujar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vijay Kumar Choudhary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prince Vivek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Monika Sodhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Monika Choudhary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Manish Tiwari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Nampher Masharing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Manishi Mukesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

GG: sampling, physiological recording, gene expression, and analysis of data; PV: blood sampling, physiological recording and analysis of data; VKC: conceptualization of the study and logistic supports; MS: Analysis of data and preparation of draft; MT: PBMCs and RNA isolation; NM: processing of samples and generation of hematological data; MM: conceptualization of studies, and overall coordination as project leader.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manishi Mukesh.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

The approval for sampling was granted from Institute Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC)

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 4.01 MB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gujar, G., Choudhary, V.K., Vivek, P. et al. Characterization of thermo-physiological, hematological, and molecular changes in response to seasonal variations in two tropically adapted native cattle breeds of Bos indicus lineage in hot arid ambience of Thar Desert. Int J Biometeorol 66, 1515–1529 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02293-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02293-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation