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Multiscale analyses on a massive immigration process of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) in south-central China: influences of synoptic-scale meteorological conditions and topography

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Abstract

Mass landings of migrating white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), can lead to severe outbreaks that cause heavy losses for rice production in East Asia. South-central China is the main infestation area on the annual migration loop of S. furcifera between the northern Indo-China Peninsula and mainland China; however, rice planthopper species are not able to survive in this region over winter. In this study, a trajectory analysis of movements from population source areas and a spatiotemporal dynamic analysis of mesoscale and synoptic weather conditions from 7 to 10 May 2012 were conducted using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model to identify source areas of immigrants and determine how weather and topographic terrain influence insect landing. A sensitivity experiment was conducted with reduced topography using the WRF model to explain the associations among rainfall, topography, and light-trap catches of S. furcifera. The trajectory modeling results suggest that the source areas of S. furcifera immigrants into south-central China from 8 to 10 May were mainly southern Guangxi, northern Vietnam, and north-central Vietnam. The appearance of enormous catches of immigrant S. furcifera coincided with a period of rainstorms. The formation of transporting southerly winds was strongly associated with the topographic terrain. Additionally, the rainfall distribution and intensity over south-central China significantly decreased when topography was reduced in the model and were directly affected by wind circulation, which was associated with mountainous terrain that caused strong convection. This study indicates that migrating populations of S. furcifera were carried by the southwesterly low-level jets and that topographically induced convergent winds, precipitation, low temperatures, and wind shear acted as key factors that led to massive landings.

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Acknowledgements

We thank NOAA for providing NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. We are grateful to Dr. XD Liu for his comments on the draft. We are also grateful for the invaluable suggestions and pertinent comments from anonymous referees and journal editors.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31471763) and the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1202266). The scholarship for QLW as a joint Ph.D. student at Texas A&M University was funded by the China Scholarship Council.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China

    Qiu-Lin Wu, Gao Hu & Bao-Ping Zhai

  2. Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA

    Qiu-Lin Wu & Gregory A. Sword

  3. Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, 77845, USA

    John K. Westbrook

  4. Department of Agroecology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK

    Gao Hu

  5. Division of Pest Forecasting, China National Agro-Tec Extension and Service Center, Beijing, 100125, People’s Republic of China

    Ming-Hong Lu & Wan-Cai Liu

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  1. Qiu-Lin Wu
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  2. John K. Westbrook
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Wu, QL., Westbrook, J.K., Hu, G. et al. Multiscale analyses on a massive immigration process of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) in south-central China: influences of synoptic-scale meteorological conditions and topography. Int J Biometeorol 62, 1389–1406 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1538-y

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