Abstract
We investigated the effects of silicon (Si) application on diurnal variations of photosynthetic and transpiration physiological parameters in potted rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nanjing 45) at the heading stage. The plants were subjected to two UV-B radiation levels, i.e., reference UV-B (A, ambient, 12.0 kJ m−2 day−1) and elevated UV-B radiation (E, a 20 % higher dose of UV-B than the reference, 14.4 kJ m−2 day−1), and four Si application levels, i.e., Si0 (no silicon supplementation, 0 kg SiO2 ha−1), Si1 (sodium silicate, 100 kg SiO2 ha−1), Si2 (sodium silicate, 200 kg SiO2 ha−1), and Si3 (slag silicon fertilizer, 200 kg SiO2 ha−1). Compared with the reference, elevated UV-B radiation decreased the diurnal mean values of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductivity (Gs), and water use efficiency (WUE) by 11.3, 5.5, 10.4, 20.3, and 6.3 %, respectively, in plants not supplemented with silicon (Si0), and decreased the above parameters by 3.8–5.5, 0.7–4.8, 4.0–8.7, 7.4–20.2, and 0.7–5.9 %, respectively, in plants treated with silicon (Si1, Si2, and Si3), indicating that silicon application mitigates the negative effects of elevated UV-B radiation. Under elevated UV-B radiation, silicon application (Si1, Si2, and Si3) increased the diurnal mean values of Pn, Ci, Gs, and WUE by 16.9–28.0, 3.5–14.3, 16.8–38.7, and 29.0–51.2 %, respectively, but decreased Tr by 1.9–10.8 %, compared with plants not treated with silicon (E+Si0), indicating that silicon application mitigates the negative effects of elevated UV-B radiation by significantly increasing the P n, C i, G s, and WUE and decreasing the T r of rice. Evident differences existed in mitigating the depressive effects of elevated UV-B radiation on diurnal variations of physiological parameters among different silicon application treatments, exhibiting as Si3>Si2>Si1>Si0. In addition to recycling steel industrial wastes, the application of slag silicon fertilizer mitigates the negative effects of elevated UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and transpiration in rice.
References
Bieza K, Lois R (2001) An arabidopsis mutant tolerant to lethal ultraviolet-B levels show constitutively elevated accumulation of flavonoids and other phenolics. Plant Physiol 126:1105–1115
Chen-L DF, Cai L-P et al (2012) Effects of silicon in different concentrations on morphology and photosynthetic physiological mechanism of japonica rice. J Anhui Agric Sci 40(31):15100–15110
Fang C-X, Wang Q-S, Yu Y et al (2011) Silicon and its uptaking gene Lsi1 in regulation of rice UV-B tolerance. Acta Agron Sin 37(6):1005–1011
Feng Y-Q (2000) Siliceous fertilizer to become a new fertilizer product in expansion of agriculture in China. J Chem Fert Ind 27(4):9–11
Feng H-Y, An L-Z, Chen T (2003) The effect of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on growth, photosysthesis and stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of two soybean cultivars under field conditions. Environ Exp Bot 49:1–8
Gao L-M, Li Y-F, Han R (2010) Effects of He-Ne laser and enhanced UV-B radiation on chloroplast pigments in wheat seedlings. Bull Bot Res 30(1):32–36
Hidema J, Teranishi M, Iwamatsu Y et al (2005) Spontaneously occurring mutations in the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmer photolyase gene cause different sensitivities to ultraviolet-B in rice. Plant J 43:57–67
Ji M-J, Feng H-Y, An L-Z et al (2002) Present status and prospects in research on effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on plants. Chin J Appl Ecol 13(3):359–364
Li Y-B (2004) Research on the physiologicalcal functions and deposition mechanisms of silicon in rice. Beijing: China Agricultural University, PhD thesis
Li W-B, Shi X-H, Wang H et al (2004) Effects of silicon on rice leaves resistance to ultraviolet-B. Acta Bot Sin 46(6):691–697
Liu M-D, Zhang Y-L (2001) Research prospects and status of silicon fertility in paddy soils. Chin J Soil Sci 32(4):187–192
Lou Y-S, Han Y, Liu C-Y et al (2011) Effect of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on physiological properties of different cultivars of barley. Chin J Agrometeorol 27(4):51–55
Mohammed AR, Tarpley L (2011) Morphological and physiological responses of nine southern U.S. rice cultivars differing in their tolerance to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation. Environ Exp Bot 70:174–184
Mohammed AR, Rounds EW, Tarpley L (2007) Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) tillering to subambient levels of ultraviolet-B radiation. J Agron Crop Sci 193:324–335
Philiph H, John B (2002) Ultraviolet radiation has no effect on respiratory oxygen consumption or enhanced post-illumination respiration in three species of microalgae. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 68:109–116
Sheehy JE, Dionora M, Mitchell PL (2001) Spikelet numbers, sink size and potential yield in rice. Field Crop Res 71(2):77–85
Tang L-N, Lin W-X, X-C WU et al (2002) Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on growth development and yield formation in rice. Chin J Appl Ecol 13(10):1278–1282
Wu X-C, Lin W-X, Huang Z-L et al (2007) Influence of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on photosynthetic physiologies and ultrastructure of leaves in two different resistivity rice cultivars. Acta Ecol Sin 27(2):554–564
Wu X-C, Chen Y-K, Li Q-S et al (2009) Effects of silicon nutrition on phenolics metabolization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B. Chin Agric Sci Bull 25(24):225–230
Xu K (2006) Studies on the growth and photosynthetic responses of two hybid rice cultivars to enhanced U-VB radiation. PhD Thesis. Wuhan: Central China Normal University
Xu Y, Yin H, Mao X-Y (2006) Studies on the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on growth and production of rice. Chin Agric Sci Bull 22(4):411–414
Xue G-F, Song A-L, Sun W-C et al (2010) Influences of silicon on activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice leaves infected by Xoo strain in relation to bacterial blight resistance. Plant Nutr Fert Sci 16(3):591–597
Yang D, Liu M-D, Jiang F et al (2012) Effect of silicon fertilizer in acid and neutral paddy field soils I.Effect on dynamic changes of pH, Eh and Si in soil solution. J Agro-Environ Sci 31(4):757–763
Yue X-G, Han F, Shi S-B et al (2005) Effects of UV-B radiation of different intensity on the photosynthesis and the dark respiration of alpine plant gentiana straminea. Acta Bot Boreali-Occidentalia Sin 25(2):231–235
Zhang G-L, Dai Q-G, Zhou Q et al (2004a) Influences of silicon fertilizer on population quality and yield in rice. Chin Agric Sci Bull 20(3):114–117
Zhang Y-L, Li J, Shen H et al (2004b) Study on Si fertilization technique for rice in Liaoning Province. Chin J Soil Sci 35(5):604–607
Zhao J-F (2013) Effect of Different Silicon Fertilizer Application in Rice. Mod Agric 7:12–22
Zhou W-L (2013) Effect of elevated UV-B radiation and CRNF supply on growth and CH4 emission in herbicide resistant transgenic rice from a paddy soil. PhD Thesis. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Zhou C-R, Zhang J-Y, Li B-X (2006) Current status and developing prospect of silicate fertilizer. J Chem Ind Eng 27(6):48–53
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375159), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20131430), and the 333 High-level Talent Training Program of Jiangsu Province.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lou, Ys., Wu, L., Lixuan, R. et al. Effects of silicon application on diurnal variations of physiological properties of rice leaves of plants at the heading stage under elevated UV-B radiation. Int J Biometeorol 60, 311–318 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1039-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1039-1