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Surface energy fluxes and control of evapotranspiration from a Carex lasiocarpa mire in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

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Abstract

Data from four components of the radiation balance were used to investigate the surface energy budgets for a Carex lasiocarpa mire in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, and the controlling factors of the evapotranspiration (ET) were discussed in detail. During the growing season 2006, the shortwave radiation (SW↓) reaching the mire surface added up to 2,854.3 MJ m−2 and the net radiation (Rn) was 1,637.4 MJ m−2 in total, with an average of 9.86 MJ m−2 day−1. G was the smallest flux at the water-atmosphere interface, with an average of about 0.91 MJ m−2 day−1, but showed high relative variability, even changing its sign. The latent and sensible heat fluxes (LE and H) amounted to 787.48 and 476.26 MJ m−2, respectively, and the total sum of LE and H accounted for 77.18% of Rn. By conversion from LE, the average value of ET from the mire was 1.84 mm day−1, amounting to 298.8 mm. The total ET was almost 60% of the total rainfall in the same period, proving that ET is the primary water consumer in the mire. The growth of C. lasiocarpa was related closely with surface resistance (r s), and analysis of partial correlation indicated that r s correlated negatively with leaf area index (LAI) when the interference of the available energy, Rn-G, was removed. There was a strong linkage between r s and the evaporative fraction [LE/(LE + H)] as well as Bowen ratio (β). r s was the key factor in controlling the variation of ET and regulating energy partitioning between LE and H. During the whole growing season, r s and R n−G were the two main factors coupled in ET processes. In spring, r s dominated ET processes, and the increase in LAI led to a decrease in r s, which in turn accelerated ET as vegetation developed until late August. After August, the available energy controlled the process of ET completely until ET reached an equilibrium in mid-October.

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Acknowledgments

The work was funded by Major Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (2009CB421103, 2010CB951304), Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-309; KZCX2-YW-Q06-03), and Youth Doctor Foundation of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (08H2081).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China

    Yuedong Guo & Li Sun

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  1. Yuedong Guo
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  2. Li Sun
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Correspondence to Yuedong Guo.

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Guo, Y., Sun, L. Surface energy fluxes and control of evapotranspiration from a Carex lasiocarpa mire in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Int J Biometeorol 56, 221–232 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0415-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0415-8

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