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Die deutsche Version des Parents‘ Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM-D)

Validierung an Kindern im Alter von 2 bis 12 Jahren

The German version of parents’ postoperative pain measure (PPPM-D)

Validation on children 2–12 years old

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Eltern spielen im Rahmen der postoperativen Schmerztherapie von Kindern eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Validierte und einfach anzuwendende Instrumente zur Fremdbeobachtung durch Eltern können die Schmerzmessung verbessern. Ziel dieser Studie war daher die Evaluation einer deutschen Version des englischsprachigen Parents‘ Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM-D).

Material und Methoden

Nach einem Prozess der Übersetzung und Rückübersetzung des englischsprachigen PPPM ins Deutsche wurden 52 Kinder im Alter von 2 bis 12 Jahren, die sich einer orthopädisch-traumatologischen Operation unterzogen, in eine prospektive Studie eingeschlossen. Mindestens 1 Elternteil beantwortete am Tag vor der Operation, am Operationstag sowie an den 5 darauf folgenden postoperativen Tagen den PPPM-D. Als Vergleichsinstrumente dienten die Kindliche Unbehagens- und Schmerzskala (KUSS) für Kinder zwischen 2 und 4 Jahren und die deutsche Version der Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) für Kinder zwischen 5 und 12 Jahren. Zudem wurde die Akzeptanz des PPPM-D erhoben.

Ergebnisse

Die Reliabilität zeigte ausreichend gute Cronbach-α-Werte (0,77–0,87). Hohe Korrelationen mit den entsprechenden Vergleichsinstrumenten (KUSS, FPS-R) fanden sich als Ausdruck der Konstruktvalidität. Die diskriminative Validität zeigte an den ersten 3 Tagen nach Operation klinisch relevante und statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den nach Schweregrad der Operation eingeteilten Gruppen. Zudem fanden sich Hinweise auf eine gute Änderungssensitivität. Der PPPM-D wurde als gut anwendbar und von der Mehrheit der Eltern als wichtig bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung

Der PPPM-D ist ein von den Eltern akzeptiertes, reliables und valides Instrument zur Fremdbeurteilung des postoperativen Schmerzes bei Kindern zwischen 2 und 12 Jahren nach orthopädisch-traumatologischen Eingriffen.

Abstract

Backround

Parents become increasingly more responsible for the postoperative pain management of their children. Useful and valid pain assessments for parents may improve pain measurement. The aim of this study was to evaluate a German version of the parents’ postoperative pain measure (PPPM-D).

Methods

After translation of the PPPM into German 52 children between 2 and 12 years of age, undergoing orthopedic and trauma surgery, were included in a prospective study. At least one of the parents completed the PPPM-D on the preoperative day and the day of surgery until postoperative day 5. Both, the children’s and infants postoperative pain scale (CHIPPS) for children between 2 and 4 years and the faces pain scale revised (FPS-R) for children between 5 and 12 years were also assessed. Moreover, the acceptance of the PPPM-D by the parents was assessed.

Results

The PPPM-D showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s α values = 0.77–0.87). Construct validity was demonstrated with strong correlations with the CHIPPS and the FPS-R. Discriminative validity was shown by both statistically and clinically significant differences between minor, medial and major surgeries on the first 3 days after surgery. The examination of sensitivity to change yielded promising results. The PPPM-D was well accepted by the participating parents.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide evidence of the reliability, validity and high acceptance of the PPPM-D as an assessment tool of postoperative pain among children aged 2 through to 12 years of age after orthopedic or trauma surgery.

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Danksagung

Unser Dank gilt Frau C. Chambers für die Erlaubnis zur Verwendung und Übersetzung des Parents‘ Postoperative Pain Measure.

Interessenskonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopädische Klinik, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074, Würzburg, Deutschland

    S. Goebel, S. Grimm, P. Raab & V. Ettl

  2. Institut für Psychotherapie und Medizinische Psychologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland

    H. Faller

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  1. S. Goebel
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  2. S. Grimm
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  3. P. Raab
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  4. V. Ettl
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  5. H. Faller
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Correspondence to S. Goebel.

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Goebel, S., Grimm, S., Raab, P. et al. Die deutsche Version des Parents‘ Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM-D). Schmerz 25, 534–543 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-011-1092-6

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