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Nichtalimentäre Triggerfaktoren bei Migräne und Kopfschmerz vom Spannungstyp

Non-alimentary trigger factors of migraine and tension-type headache

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Zusammenfassung

Auf der Basis eines Literaturüberblicks wird die Bedeutung nichtalimentärer Triggerfaktoren bei Migräne und Kopfschmerz vom Spannungstyp (KST) kritisch diskutiert. Am häufigsten werden Menstruation, Umweltfaktoren, psychische Einflüsse sowie Schlaf und Müdigkeit genannt. Aus kontrollierten Studien besteht kein Zweifel, dass die Menstruation mit einem erhöhten Kopfschmerzrisiko assoziiert ist. Was Witterungseinflüsse betrifft, wurde zwar bei manchen Patienten eine Korrelation zwischen bestimmten meteorologischen Parametern und dem Auftreten von Kopfschmerzen festgestellt, die subjektiven Beobachtungen der Patienten korrelieren jedoch kaum mit den objektiven Wetterdaten. Sensorische Reize fungieren als Trigger v. a. bei Migräne mit Aura. Psychische Faktoren, v. a. Stress und alltägliche Belastungen, wurden als Triggerfaktoren bestätigt, weitere prospektive Untersuchungen zu diesem Thema sind allerdings wünschenswert. Auch zur Klärung der Bedeutung von Schlaf(störungen) und Müdigkeit bedarf es weiterer Studien, da deren Gewichtung als Auslöser bzw. Symptom einer Kopfschmerzattacke nicht eindeutig geklärt ist.

Abstract

Based on an overview of the literature, this contribution critically discusses the importance of non-alimentary trigger factors of migraine and tension-type headache. Menstruation, environmental factors, psychological effects as well as sleep disorders and fatigue are mentioned most frequently. According to controlled studies, menstruation is indubitably associated with an increased risk of headache. Although a correlation between specific meteorological parameters and the appearance of headaches was established in some patients, the subjective observations of the patients did not however correlate with the objective weather data. Sensory stimuli function as triggers particularly for migraine with aura. Psychological factors, especially stress and everyday pressures, have been confirmed as trigger factors, but further prospective trials addressing this issue would be advantageous. Additional studies are also needed to elucidate the significance of sleep (disorders) and fatigue since their importance as triggers or symptoms of a headache attack has not been conclusively determined.

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Danksagung

Wir danken Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr. Josef Zeitlhofer für die Initiierung dieses Artikels und Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr. Andreas Karwautz für die Unterstützung bei der Fertigstellung des Manuskripts.

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    J. Holzhammer &  C. Wöber

  2. Univ.-Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, A-1090 , Wien, Österreich

    C. Wöber

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Holzhammer, J., Wöber, C. Nichtalimentäre Triggerfaktoren bei Migräne und Kopfschmerz vom Spannungstyp. Schmerz 20, 226–237 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-005-0413-z

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