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Spatial analysis of gastric cancer morbidity in regions of rapid urbanization: a case study in Xiamen, China

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Abstract

This paper is purposed to detect the spatial laws of gastric cancer in the rapid urbanization area and analyze relationships between gastric cancer and urbanization. Gastric cancer incidence data in Xiamen between 2006 and 2009 was collected from Xiamen CDC (Centre of Disease Control and Prevention). Urbanization age of Xiamen Island was calculated from remote images and terrain maps. Analysis results showed that 995 gastric cancer cases, accounting for 61.64 % was in Xiamen island, compared with 619 cases, accounting for 38.36 % outside. The average gastric cancer incidence was 32.98/1000,000 in Xiamen Island, compared to 16.13/1000,000 outside. The top ten sub-districts of gastric cancer all located in Xiamen Island, and urban areas have as more than twice gastric cancer incidence as rural area, with 28.62/100,000. The most likely spatial cluster of gastric cancer was Xiamen Island. Correlation analysis results indicated the urbanization age and spatial cluster degree had a significantly positive correlation relationship. Rapid urbanization in Xiamen changed the environment, namely acquired factors including land use change, air–water–soil pollution, less activity, electromagnetic radiation and contaminated sea foods. These are risk factors of gastric cancer. This research indicated that Xiamen Island was prevalent of gastric cancer with a positive correlation with urbanization age.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Science Foundation of China (No. 40901243, No. 41371540, No. 41201598, No. 41201155, No. 41101551), Ningbo Soft Science Research Project (No. 201301A1007011) and the authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of K.C.Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong.

Authors Contribution

LD helped to gather the gastric cancer data. LT provided the Xiamen remote sensing images and historical maps. JLL, XHL conceived and wrote the paper. HY, GQZ helped to prepare the statistic data. VG, CSZ and QJZ revised the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China

    JiLai Liu, XinHu Li, Tao Lin, GuoQin Zhang, Hong Ye, Vee Gibson & QianJun Zhao

  2. College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    JiLai Liu

  3. Xiamen Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Xiamen, 361021, China

    Long Dai

  4. GIS Centre, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    ChaoSheng Zhang

  5. Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315830, China

    Hong Ye

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  1. JiLai Liu
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Correspondence to XinHu Li.

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Liu, J., Li, X., Lin, T. et al. Spatial analysis of gastric cancer morbidity in regions of rapid urbanization: a case study in Xiamen, China. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 30, 713–723 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-015-1141-2

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