Abstract
As the buffer zone is the bridge between the river and surrounding territory, it experiences remarkable response to hydrological variance due to dam construction. To identify the accumulated impacts, two adjacent buffer zone sections of similar size on the Yellow River were compared. A time series of land cover distributions were analysed for changes of the buffer zones. After the dam service, a large area of wetlands and water area disappeared in the section with dam, which was also the consequence of the sedimentation in the reservoir. The areal extent for seven types of land cover was analysed in the buffer zone at distances of 10 and 5.5 km from the river. The land cover transition matrices within the 10 km zone for three time periods (1976–1996) were calculated to further clarify the transformation process. The farmland in the 10 km zone of dam increased 3 times in three decades, but it just rose the 50 % in the zone without dam. The land cover transition matrices analysis indicated that the major transitions in the dammed section were wetland, grassland and water area to farmland, as well as the mutual transformation of water area and wetlands. Two sections of the critical buffer zone within 5.5 km of the water were delineated into ten independent, 0.5 km annular gradient zones to determine the spatial variation of grassland, water area and wetland. The gradient zone analysis demonstrated that the dam construction accelerated the appearance of wetlands and also caused considerable pressure on the water and grassland area types. Upon comparing these temporal and spatial aspects, the increase of farmlands and wetlands in the earliest period was found to be the direct result of damming. The weakening hydrological alteration due to damming was concluded to significantly affect the temporal-spatial variations of the river buffer zone, particularly in the 5.5 km distance.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful for the assistance with data requirements, particularly spatial data, provided by personnel at the Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This research benefited from financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40930740, 41001317), the Supporting Program of the “Twelfth Five-year Plan” for Sci & Tech Research of China (2012BAD15B05), support from the Minister of Water Resource (2130331), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20100003120030).
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Ouyang, W., Shan, Y., Hao, F. et al. Accumulated impact assessment of river buffer zone after 30 years of dam disturbance in the Yellow River Basin. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 27, 1069–1079 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-012-0645-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-012-0645-2