Skip to main content
Log in

High urine hippuric acid level among police working close to traffic in an urban area, Thailand: a preliminary study

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Toluene is of particular concern because recent research indicating that toluene exposure can result in several toxicities. Hence, toluene exposure is of particular concern because of ongoing exposure to thousands of workers in the industrial plants. Determination of the urine hippuric acid level is accepted as a helpful for monitoring risk groups of workers. Apart from the industrial workers, there are other occupations with high risk for toluene exposure. In this study, we study another at-risk occupation, the police. In this study, 45 urine samples were obtained from 45 Thai police working close to traffic in an urban area for determination for urine hippuric acid level. The average urine hippuric acid level was 0.70 ± 0.70 mg/gCr, respectively. This average is significant higher than that of the control non-exposed Thais (P < 0.05). Working in the air pollution in the urban area can be health hazard for the police. Exposure to the toluene from automobile exhaust can be an important occupational problem for these police.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (1999) Toxicological Profile for Toluene (Update). PB/95/100228/AS. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service

  • Alvarez-Leite EM, Duarte A, Barroca MM, Silveria JN (1999) Possible effect of drinking and smoking habits on hippuric acid level in urine of adult with no occupational toluene exposure. J Occup Health 41:112–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angerer J (1979) Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents: VII. Metabolism of toluene in man. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 43:63–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angerer J, Kramer A (1997) Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. XVI. Ambient and biological monitoring of workers exposed to toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997; 69:91–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson A (1982) Exposure to toluene: uptake, distribution and elimination in man. Scand J Work Environ Health 8:43–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Rosa E, Brugnone F, Bartolucci GB , Perbellini L, Bellomo ML, Gori GP, Sigon M, Chiesura Corona P (1985) The validity of urinary metabolites as indicators of low exposure of toluene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 56:135–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fustinoni S, Buratti M, Giampiccolo R, Colombi A (1995) Biological and environmental monitoring of exposure to airborne benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in Milan traffic wardens. Toxicol Lett 1995; 77:387–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayden JW, Peterson RG, Bruckner TV (1997) Toxicology of toluene (methylbenzene): review of current literature. Clin Toxicol 11:549–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hjelm EW, Naslund PH, Wallen M (1988) Influence of cigarette smoking on the toxicokinetics of toluene in humans. J Toxicol Environ Health 25:155–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda M (1999) Solvents in urine as exposure markers. Toxicol Lett 108:99–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue O, Seiji K, Watanabe T, Nakatsuka H, Jin C, Liu SJ, Ikeda M. (1993) Effects of smoking and drinking on excretion of hippuric acid among toluene-exposed workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 64:425–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauwerys RR, Buchet JP (1988) Biological monitoring of exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene. IARC Sci Publ 42:205–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Muttamara S, Leong ST, Lertvisansak I (1999) Assessment of benzene and toluene emission from automobile exhaust in Bangkok. Environ Res 81: 23–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohmori S, Ikeda M, Kira S, Ogata M (1977) Colorimetric determination of hippuric acid in urine and liver homogenate. Anal Chem 49:1494–1496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, Srita S, Fongsoongnern A (2002) High levels of hippuric acid in the urine of Thai press workers. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 33:624–627

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin S, Li G, Hu Y, Zhang XM, Zhang XM, Jin C, Inoue O, Seiji K, Kasahara M, Nakatsuka H, Ikeda M (1987) Symptoms and signs of workers exposed to benzene, toluene, or the combination. Ind Health 25:113–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This study was supported by the Rajchadapisakesompote Fund, Chulalongkorn University. The author would like to thank all subjects participating to this study and all health care workers who helped perform laboratory analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Viroj Wiwanitkit.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wiwanitkit, V., Suwansaksri, J. & Soogarun, S. High urine hippuric acid level among police working close to traffic in an urban area, Thailand: a preliminary study. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 22, 281–283 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-007-0111-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-007-0111-8

Keywords

Navigation