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Clone differences among young Salix humboldtiana Willd. from Patagonia

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Abstract

Key message

When growing under similar conditions, Salix humboldtiana plants exhibit intra- and inter-clone variations in growth and branching traits, despite sharing an acrotonic branching pattern.

Abstract

Willows represent some of the most extended tree crop species worldwide. Understanding their global architecture could help improving the forestry based on these species and thus the associated economic activities. Our goal was to compare growth and branching traits among clones of Salix humboldtiana, the only willow native to South America. We registered the length, diameter, number of branches, branching range and the number of growth units of the vertical shoot formed by plants derived from nine clones of three Patagonian provenances of S. humboldtiana. Budbreak patterns at each node of that shoot were also analyzed. Length and number of branches were the most variable among clones, while diameter and branching range were the least variable shoot traits. The clones with the highest proportion of unbranched individuals tended to have the lowest proportion of shoots with two growth units. The probability of budbreak decreased as the distance between a bud and the shoot apex increased (acrotonic branching pattern). Our study shows that the length and the number of branches of the main axis growth unit would be key traits for clone selection, as they seem to have a high degree of endogenous determination. These traits are important aspects of the whole plant’s architecture that can be used for designing, for example, agroforestry systems when it comes to clone or even species combination.

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Data availability

The data sets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Notes

  1. Reiteration: process by which a plant duplicates its elemental architecture (Barthélémy and Caraglio 2007).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Ivon Pelliza and Melina Zuliani for their assistance on data collection.

Funding

This work was supported by Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRNAD, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro-CONICET, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina

    Mariana Salgado, Matías G. Goldenberg & Javier G. Puntieri

  2. EEA INTA Bariloche, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina

    Leonardo A. Gallo

  3. INIBIOMA, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina

    Cristian D. Torres & Marina Stecconi

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  1. Mariana Salgado
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  2. Leonardo A. Gallo
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  4. Matías G. Goldenberg
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  6. Javier G. Puntieri
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Correspondence to Mariana Salgado.

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Salgado, M., Gallo, L.A., Torres, C.D. et al. Clone differences among young Salix humboldtiana Willd. from Patagonia. Trees 37, 1717–1725 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-023-02454-w

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