Abstract
Sap flow techniques are calibrated by root-ball weighing method evaluating actual transpiration without stem cutting. Our results are similar with cut-segment experiments implying limited effects of stem cutting on calibrations.
AbstractSection AbstractIn recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported underestimations using sap flow techniques. These studies used cut stem segments and artificial sap flux density generated by water columns or vacuum pumps, which suggests the possible differences between the laboratory calibration results and living trees. Here we used the root-ball weighing method to calibrate the sap flow techniques of the thermal dissipation (TD) and the heat ratio (HR) methods for two young Japanese cedar trees (Cryptomeria japonica). The root systems were dug out and wrapped by an impermeable sheet, then the daily amount of transpiration was measured by the daily weight loss of each tree (including the root ball) using a large electrical balance. Although transpiration was reduced by cutting the roots during root-ball creation, its effect on the calibration performance was negligible. The root-ball weighing method could measure the daily amount of transpiration for > 3 months with suitable water supplies. Given that the wound effect was carefully estimated, the HR method measured the sap flux density with a slight underestimation of 5.8%. The TD method underestimated the sap flux density by 61.4%, which can be reasonably corrected using the newly established calibration curve. Moreover, it was confirmed that new calibration curve was consistent with previous calibration curves reported for conifer species, thus implying that the previous calibrations with cut segments are likely applicable for living trees. Further root-ball experiments are necessary to provide comprehensive understanding of intra- and interspecific differences in the calibration of sap flow techniques.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Shin’ichi Iida and Shinichi Takeuchi gratefully acknowledge the support of JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP26450495, JP18K05714 and JP22H02396. The researchers also recognize Daiki Matsushima, Shuichi Honma and Shin Ohki (Minami Kyushu University), Tatsuya Ichihara (Tokai University), and the technical staff of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute nursery for their assistance with the experiments. We are grateful to Dr. Yoshinori Shinohara (University of Miyazaki) and Dr. Tomonori Kume (Kyushu University) for their comments on the early draft of this manuscript.
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This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers JP26450495, JP18K05714, and JP22H02396).
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ST and SI contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparations were carried out by all authors. Data collection and analysis were performed by SI and ST. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SI, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Iida, S., Takeuchi, S., Shinozaki, K. et al. Calibration of sap flow techniques using the root-ball weighing method in Japanese cedar trees. Trees 36, 1747–1759 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-022-02325-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-022-02325-w