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Estimation of ploidy levels by flow cytometry and identification of Torreya grandis cultivars and breeding strains by SSR markers

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Abstract

Key message

This study is the first to report a core set of polymorphic SSR markers in Torreya grandis developed to identify T. grandis cultivars and breeding strains and estimate ploidy levels.

Abstract

Torreya grandis Fort. ex Lindl has a high economic value because it produces edible, nutrient seeds with high oil content as food for thousands of years in China. T. grandis has rich variation in morphological traits and ploidy levels as well as commonly occurring natural hybridization. In this regard, an efficient molecular method should be developed to identify T. grandis cultivars and strains and determine ploidy levels for breeding program. In this study, 25 T. grandis materials with different ploidy levels including 17 cultivars and 8 strains were collected and analyzed with a core set of 10 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from the transcriptome data. The ploidy level of the materials was estimated through SSR marker genotyping and flow cytometry (FCM). The polymorphism information content (PIC) values for 10 SSR loci indicated that six loci were highly polymorphic, three loci were average polymorphic, and one loci was low polymorphic. The SSR genotyping profiles and the UPGMA clustering demonstrated that the 10 core SSR markers can be used as effective DNA fingerprints to identify most of the 25 T. grandis materials including all polyploids. The ploidy level estimated from SSR marker genotyping corresponded with that estimated by FCM among 17 diploid and 5 triploid materials but not among 1 tetraploid. Tg_U33 was a highly heterozygous locus that can be used to rapidly and efficiently identify ploidy levels in T. grandis materials from a large number of samples.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding provided by the Forestry Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (Grant no. 2019SY09). We are also very grateful to senior engineer Hongxing Chen for providing us with some plant materials used in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 310023, China

    Youwu Chen, Bihuan Ye, Qiyan Song, Jianjun Shen & Haibo Li

  2. Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Weiting Pu

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  1. Youwu Chen
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  2. Bihuan Ye
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  3. Qiyan Song
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  4. Weiting Pu
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Correspondence to Haibo Li.

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Chen, Y., Ye, B., Song, Q. et al. Estimation of ploidy levels by flow cytometry and identification of Torreya grandis cultivars and breeding strains by SSR markers. Trees 36, 1735–1745 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-022-02324-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-022-02324-x

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