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Genetic diversity and population structure of Pinus halepensis Mill. in Jordan revealed by simple sequence repeats

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Abstract

Key message

Pinus halepensis populations in Jordan maintained a moderate level of genetic diversity with considerable intra-population than inter-population differentiation due to long-distance zygotic and gametic gene flows among populations.

Abstract

The genetic diversity and structure of 156 germplasm samples collected from four natural and five planted Pinus halepensis Mill. populations in Jordan were investigated using simple sequence repeat markers. These fragmented stands represent the easternmost edge of the species natural range of distribution in the Mediterranean basin. Our study revealed relatively high expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s diversity index (He = 0.574, I = 1.124). Genetic diversity parameters, Na, Ne, He, and I slightly increased in planted populations compared to natural populations. The AMOVA and population genetic differentiation index (Fst) analysis revealed higher level of intra-population differentiation than inter-population differentiation. The UPGMA cluster analysis and genetic structure analysis revealed two sub-groups, which were not consistent with the geographic distribution pattern. Furthermore, the population genetic distance was not correlated with geographic distance (rxy = − 0.507; p = 0.197; R2 = 0.2568; y = 60.323x + 8.7366). It can be concluded that Jordan’s Aleppo pine populations maintained a moderate level of genetic diversity with marked intra-population than inter-population differentiation. The low genetic differentiation among natural populations can be attributed to an effective gene flow among populations.

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Data availability

The genotypic data analyzed in the current study were deposited to Harvard Dataverse. Data set Persistent ID: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DTPFGH.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the research funding of Fujian Provincial Colleges and University Engineering Research Center of Plantation Sustainable Management (KJG18010A) and Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (KXJQ19015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Emad Mustafa, Wanting Chen, Yachao Li, Mulualem Tigabu & Ming Li

  2. Department of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture and the Affiliated Directorate of Forestry, Bani-Knanah, 2099, Jordan

    Emad Mustafa

  3. Southern Swedish Forest Research Center, Faculty of Forest Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden

    Mulualem Tigabu

  4. Fujian Provincial Colleges and University Engineering Research Center of Plantation Sustainable Management, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Ming Li

Authors
  1. Emad Mustafa
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  2. Wanting Chen
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  3. Yachao Li
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  4. Mulualem Tigabu
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  5. Ming Li
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Contributions

EM, MT and LM developed the idea; EM designed and performed the experiment, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. ML designed the experiment and revised the paper. WC performed the experiment and revised the paper. YL performed the experiment. MT revised the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ming Li.

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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The study had been approved by the Ministry of Agriculture, Jordan and got the permission to collect and analysis the genetic materials and use the results of genetic diversity analysis for publishing as peer-reviewed article in a relevant journal.

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Communicated by J. Carlson .

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Mustafa, E., Chen, W., Li, Y. et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of Pinus halepensis Mill. in Jordan revealed by simple sequence repeats. Trees 36, 977–989 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-022-02264-6

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