Abstract
Key Message
Needle anatomic plasticity enables fast-growing maritime pine trees to cope with water limitations by enhancing both water-use efficiency and embolism resistance.
Abstract
Maritime pine is a major forest tree grown for wood production in Southern Europe. A breeding program for the selection of fast-growing varieties was established in the 1960s, in France. In the context of climate change, the magnitude of phenotypic plasticity is a key issue for the prediction of putative decreases in productivity in the improved genetic material. We characterized the phenotypic plasticity of anatomical and physiological traits in two families with contrasting growth rates, under different water regimes, at the juvenile stage. An analysis of 38 traits showed that the fastest growing family had the greatest phenotypic plasticity for morphological, anatomic, chemical and physiological traits, enabling it to increase its water use efficiency and embolism resistance in response to water deficit. The observed modifications to the extravascular (proportion of spongy parenchyma in needles) and vascular (xylem in the needles and stem) compartments in response to water constraints were consistent with a higher water use efficiency and greater embolism resistance. The ability to optimize meresis and auxesis according to environmental conditions during needle development could be related to growth performance over time in different environmental conditions. These results suggest that selection for growth in maritime pine leads to the selection of individuals with greater phenotypic plasticity related to higher performances in non-limited conditions.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available in the DATAINRA repository. https://data.inrae.fr/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.15454/N8GLMY
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Acknowledgements
We thank C. Meredieu and F. Danjon, and the Forest Experimental Unit of INRA Pierroton for the overall running of the experiment, and for measurements of tree growth and soil water content. C. Lalanne and F. Lagane prepared needles and wood samples for the measurement of stable carbon isotope ratios. The measurements were performed by P. Tillard at the “Laboratoire de Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes” of SupAgro Montpellier, France. C. Lambrot contributed to the non-structural carbohydrate determinations. The needles were processed for anatomical studies at the “Plateforme d’Histocytologie et d’Imagerie cellulaire Végétale”, CIRAD Montpellier, France, by F. Montès and M. Lartaud, under the supervision of J.-L. Verdeil. J. Viot took tissue measurements on the images at the INRA-Biogeco unit. J.-B. Lamy and R. Burlett measured cavitation at the Phenobois Facility (Bordeaux, France). This work was supported by the Cluster of Excellence COTE (ANR-10-LABX-45, within the DEFI project) and the ‘Investments for the Future’ (ANR-10-EQPX-16, XYLOFOREST) program funded by the French National Agency for Research. We thank C Bodénès for critical reading of the manuscript, L Bouffier and A Raffin for their help in the choice of families for study. This project was funded by CIRAD ATP no. 2007/1 and benefited from the facilities of the INRA Research Center at Pierroton, Cestas, France. We thank J Sappa of Alex Edelman and Associates for English editing.
Funding
This project was funded by CIRAD ATP no. 2007/1 and benefited from the facilities of the INRA Research Centre at Pierroton, Cestas, France. This work was supported by the Cluster of Excellence COTE (ANR-10-LABX-45, within the DEFI project) and the ‘Investments for the Future’ (ANR-10-EQPX-16, XYLOFOREST) program funded by the French National Agency for Research.
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Bert, D., Le Provost, G., Delzon, S. et al. Higher needle anatomic plasticity is related to better water-use efficiency and higher resistance to embolism in fast-growing Pinus pinaster families under water scarcity. Trees 35, 287–306 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-020-02034-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-020-02034-2