Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic variability, character association and divergence studies in Jatropha curcas for improvement in oil yield

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Trees Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Key message

Variability in traits of 15, diverse 6-year-old candidate plus trees of Jatropha curcas was determined to identify the best gain heritable traits correlating with oil yield for Jatropha improvement.

Abstract

Study was carried out on 15 6-year-old candidate plus trees of Jatropha curcas adapted on semi-arid wasteland with an objective to assess variation in morphological, physiological and oil quality characters. Heritable and non-heritable components of the total variability of the characters were determined by genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) co-efficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance (GA) and the best gain traits for Jatropha improvement through selection and breeding were assessed. Further, association among the traits were assessed and germplasm were separated into different clusters. Significant variation was found among the different genotypes for all the characters. The photosynthetic and transpiration rate correlated with oil content, seed and oil yield. The chlorophyll pigments correlated positively with the photosynthetic rate and oil content. The seed oil content varied considerably from 27.68 % (JCN01) to 37.49 % (JCN14) and had high heritability, but it had low PCV and GCV and moderate GA. The oil yield plant−1 had high genetic variability and varied significantly from 0.07 (JCN15) to 0.47 kg plant−1 (JCN09/IC 565733). Though the different fatty acids differed significantly with different germplasm and also had high heritability, they had low PCV, GCV and GA. Seed weight, fruit weight, seed weight fruit−1 and seed yield plant−1 strongly correlated with oil yield and had moderate to high GCV, PCV, coupled with high heritability and GA. Germplasm were separated into four distinct clusters with a maximum inter distance found between cluster II and IV, and minimum between cluster I and III. The study helped to identify the superior germplasm among diverse genotypes of J. curcas that can serve as parents with desirable characters like high oil yield, low stomatal conductance and high water use efficiency for further breeding purposes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BSD:

Basal stem diameter

NPB:

Number of primary branches

DPB:

Diameter of primary branches

NSB:

Number of secondary branches

DSB:

Diameter of secondary branches

PH:

Plant height

VPC:

Volume of plant canopy

M:F:

Male-to-female flower ratio

FL:

Fruit length

FW:

Fruit width

SFW:

Single fruit weight

SSW:

Single seed weight

SPF:

Seeds fruit−1

SW/F:

Seed weight fruit−1

SFCW:

Single fruit-coat weight

SL:

Seed length

SW:

Seed width

SYPP:

Seed yield plant−1

A :

Photosynthetic rate (net assimilation rate)

E :

Transpiration rate

Gs:

Stomatal conductance

Ci:

Intercellular leaf CO2 concentration

WUE:

Water use efficiency

TChl:

Total chlorophyll

Chl-a :

Chlorophyll-a

Chl-b :

Chlorophyll-b

CRT:

Carotenoids

OC:

Oil content

OYPP:

Oil yield plant−1

PA:

Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid)

SA:

Stearic acid (octadecanoic acid)

LA:

Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid)

OA:

Oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid)

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acid)

USFA:

Unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic and oleic acid)

References

  • Abhilash PC, Srivastava P, Jamil S, Singh N (2011) Revisited Jatropha curcas as an oil plant of multiple benefits: critical research needs and prospects for the future. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:127–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akbar E, Yaakob Z, Kamarudin SK, Ismail M, Salimon J (2009) Characteristic and composition of Jatropha curcas oil seed from Malaysia and its potential as biodiesel feedstock. Eur J Sci Res 29:396–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Anand KV, Kubavat D, Trivedi K, Agarwal PK, Wheeler C, Ghosh A (2015) Long-term application of Jatropha press cake promotes seed yield by enhanced soil organic carbon accumulation, microbial biomass and enzymatic activities in soils of semi-arid tropical wastelands. Eur J Soil Biol 69:57–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidases in Beta culgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Avenson TJ, Cruz JA, Kanazawa A, Kramer DM (2005) Regulating the proton budget of higher plant photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:9709–9713

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Biabani A, Rafii MY, Saleh GB, Shabanimofrad M, Latif MA (2012) Phenotypic and genetic variation of Jatropha curcas L. populations from different countries. Maydica 57:164–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Bojan SG, Durairaj SK (2012) Producing biodiesel from high free fatty acid Jatropha curcas oil by a two-step method—an Indian case study. J Sustain Energy Environ 3:63–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Das S, Misra RC, Mahapatra AK, Gantayat BP, Pattnaik RK (2010) Genetic variability, character association and path analysis in Jatropha curcas. World Appl Sci J 8:1304–1308

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairless D (2007) Biofuel: the little shrub that could-maybe. Nature 449:652–655

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Francis G, Edinger R, Becker K (2005) A concept for simultaneous wasteland reclamation, fuel production, and socio-economic development in degraded areas in India: need, potential and perspectives of Jatropha plantations. Nat Resour Forum 29:12–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gairola KC, Nautiyal AR, Sharma G, Dwivedi AK (2011) Variability in seed characteristics of Jatropha curcas L. from hill region of Uttarakhand. Bull Environ Pharmacol Life Sci 1:64–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Gangashetty PI, Shanthakumar G, Salimath PM, Sridevi O (2010) Comparison of variability, nature and magnitude of association of productivity traits in single and double cross progenies of bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Karnataka J Agric Sci 23:413–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghezehei SB, Annandale JG, Everson CS (2009) Shoot allometry of Jatropha curcas. South For 71:279–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A (2014) Plane truth: aviation’s real impact on people and the environment. Int J Environ Stud 71:888–898. doi:10.1080/00207233.2014.964063

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A, Chaudhary DR, Reddy MP, Rao SN, Chikara J, Pandya JB et al (2007) Prospects for Jatropha methyl ester (biodiesel) in India. Int J Environ Stud 64:659–674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A, Chikara J, Chaudhary DR (2011) Diminution of economic yield as affected by pruning and chemical manipulation of Jatropha curcas L. Biomass Bioenergy 35:1021–1029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginwal HS, Rawat PS, Srivastava RL (2004) Seed source variation in growth performance and oil yield of Jatropha curcas Linn. in central India. Silvae Genetica 53:186–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller J (1996) Physic nut: Jatropha curcas L. promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPGRI), Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome

  • Johnson HW, Robinson H, Comstock R (1955) Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans. Agron J 47:314–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaushik N, Kumar K, Kumar S, Kaushik N, Roy S (2007) Genetic variability and divergence studies in seed traits and oil content of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) accessions. Biomass Bioenergy 31:497–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh S (2014) Variability assessment of seed traits in Jatropha curcas L. for improvement of oil yield. Int J Genet Mol Biol 6:8–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mantri VA, Parmar DR, Rao PN, Ghosh A (2014) Observations on ecosystem services in Jatropha curcas plantations established in degraded lands in India. Int J Environ Stud 71:209–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohapatra S, Panda PK (2010) Genetic variability on growth, phenological and seed characteristics of Jatropha curcas L. Not Sci Biol 2:127–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Nechifor B, Filimon R, Szilagyi L (2011) Genetic variability, heritability and expected genetic advance as indices for yield and yield components selection in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Sci Pap Ser A Agron 54:332–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Nietsche S, Vendrame WA, Crane JH, Pereira MC, Costa A, Reis ST (2015) Variability in reproductive traits in Jatropha curcas L. accessions during early developmental stages under warm subtropical conditions. Glob Change Biol Bioenergy 7:122–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogunwole JO, Chaudhary DR, Ghosh A, Daudu CK, Chikara J, Patolia JS (2008) Contribution of Jatropha curcas to soil quality improvement in a degraded Indian entisol. Acta Agr Scand Sect B Soil Plant Sci 58:245–251

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pamidimarri DS, Reddy MP (2014) Phylogeography and molecular diversity analysis of Jatropha curcas L. and the dispersal route revealed by RAPD, AFLP and nrDNA-ITS analysis. Mol Biol Rep 41:3225–3234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Passioura J (2007) The drought environment: physical, biological and agricultural perspectives. J Exp Bot 58:113–117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rao GR, Korwar GR, Shanker AK, Ramakrishna YS (2008) Genetic associations, variability and diversity in seed characters, growth, reproductive phenology and yield in Jatropha curcas (L.) accessions. Trees 22:697–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards RA (2006) Physiological traits used in the breeding of new cultivars for water-scarce environments. Agric Water Manag 80:197–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson HF, Comstock RE, Harvey VH (1949) Estimates of heritability and degree of dominance in corn. Agron J 41:353–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanderson K (2009) Wonder weed plans fail to flourish. Nature 461(7262):328–329

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shabanimofrad M, Rafii MY, Wahab PM, Biabani AR, Latif MA (2013) Phenotypic, genotypic and genetic divergence found in 48 newly collected Malaysian accessions of Jatropha curcas L. Ind Crop Prod 42:543–551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RK, Chaudhary BD (1979) Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis. Kalyani, Kolkata

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Pandey RM, Singh B (2013) Genetic association, divergence and variability studies for seed yield and oil content and its contributing traits in Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). J Med Plants Res 7:1931–1939

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivasubramanian S, Madhavamenon P (1973) Genotypic and phenotypic variability in rice. Madras Agric J 60:1093–1096

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava P, Behera SK, Gupta J, Jamil S, Singh N, Sharma YK (2011) Growth performance, variability in yield traits and oil content of selected accessions of Jatropha curcas L. growing in a large scale plantation site. Biomass Bioenergy 35:3936–3942

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sunil N, Vanaja M, Kumar V, Abraham B, Chakrabarty SK (2013) Variation in physiological traits in Jatropha germplasm from peninsular India. Indian J Plant Physiol 18:151–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi A, Mishra DK, Shukla JK (2013) Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of growth and yield components of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linn.) genotypes. Trees 27:1049–1060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wani TA, Kitchlu S, Ram G (2012) Genetic variability studies for morphological and qualitative attributes among Jatropha curcas L. accessions grown under subtropical conditions of North India. S Afr J Bot 79:102–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu W, Mulpuri S, Liu A (2013) Genetic diversity in the Jatropha genus and its potential application. In: Hemming D (ed) Plant sciences reviews 2012. CABI, Wallingford, pp 253–267

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge CSIR, New Delhi, General Motors, U.S. and U.S. Department of Energy vide grant number DE-FG36-08GO18125 for support of this project. Dr. P. K. Ghosh and especially, Dr. J. Chikara are acknowledged for their immense support sans which the work would not have been successfully accomplished. Dr. Klaus Becker, Dr. M. P. Reddy are acknowledged for arranging JCN01 germplasm and Sardar Krushinagar Agriculture University, Dantiwada, Gujarat is acknowledged for providing JCN08. The discipline of Analytical Sciences and Centralized Instrument Facility of CSIR-CSMCRI is acknowledged for their support. Mr. D. R. Parmar, Mr. P. J. Dodiya, Mr. P. Ambaliya, Mr. R. Chauhan and Mr. V. Gautam are thanked for their assistance in soil sampling and data collection. Mr. H. Brahmabhatt is acknowledged for technical support with the GC analysis. This manuscript bears CSIR-CSMCRI communication No. CSIR-CSMCRI 092(1)/2015.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute Premises, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India

    P. K. Agarwal & Arup Ghosh

  2. Department of Wasteland Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India

    Sarnam Singh, Aruna Prakash, P. K. Agarwal & Arup Ghosh

  3. Department of CIHAB, Palli-Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, 731236, West Bengal, India

    N. R. Chakraborty

  4. Global Energy System Intelligence Center, GM Research & Development, MC #480-106-RE3, 30500 Mound Road, Warren, MI, 48090-9055, USA

    Candace Wheeler

Authors
  1. Sarnam Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aruna Prakash
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. R. Chakraborty
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Candace Wheeler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. K. Agarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Arup Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arup Ghosh.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by U. Luettge.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, S., Prakash, A., Chakraborty, N.R. et al. Genetic variability, character association and divergence studies in Jatropha curcas for improvement in oil yield. Trees 30, 1163–1180 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1354-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1354-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation