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Cambial dormancy induced growth rings in Heritiera fomes Buch.- Ham.: a proxy for exploring the dynamics of Sundarbans, Bangladesh

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Abstract

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Cambial marking experiment and cambial activity analysis offer strong evidence on existence of annual growth rings in Heritiera fomes and revealing the potential of dendrochronological applications in Bangladesh mangroves.

Abstract

Despite enormous significance in coastal protection, biodiversity conservation and livelihood support to the local communities, mangrove ecosystems have been continuously degrading mainly due to anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. Time series based on dated tree ring is an option to identify the causes of forest dilapidation. In this study, we investigated the structure and periodicity of the growth ring in Heritiera fomes, the flagship tree species of the Bangladesh Sundarbans, combining cambial marking experiment and cambial activity analysis. Distinct growth rings were found which are delineated by a band of marginal parenchyma, predominantly one cell wide but up to three and occasionally interrupted with fiber. Of the 13 trees with cambium marking experiment, one growth ring was found in each tree during a year. The dormant cambium was characterized by the abrupt boundary between xylem and cambial zone, absence of enlarging or differentiating cambial derivatives, lower number of cambial cells and thicker radial walls in cambial cells. Growth ring anomalies, i.e., wedging and partially missing rings were also found. In most of the cases, the lower part of the eccentric discs had low radial increment (<0.75 mm) and therefore the growth ring in that area merged with previous one and produced wedging or partially missing ring. However, the existence of annual rings suggests its great potential for future dendrochronological applications to reveal the dynamics of vegetation and climate in Sundarbans.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Bangladesh Forest Department for the permission, Divisional Forest office of the Sundarbans (East and West Forest Division) for their generous support during the fieldworks and RIMS unit for the shape file of forest. We also thank SK Sarker, S Das, MM Hoque, N Das, HR Khan and H Murshed at SUST for their help during the fieldworks and site variable analysis. We acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms and comments on an earlier version of manuscript. MQ Chowdhury was supported by a mobility grant from the Belgian Federal Science Policy office co-funded by the Marie Curie Actions from the European Commission.

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  1. Wood Biology Service, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium

    Md. Qumruzzaman Chowdhury, Maaike De Ridder, Claire Delvaux & Hans Beeckman

  2. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh

    Md. Qumruzzaman Chowdhury

  3. School of Arts and Sciences, Madison Area Technical College, 1701 Wright Street, Madison, WI 53704, USA

    Peter Kitin

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Chowdhury, M.Q., Kitin, P., De Ridder, M. et al. Cambial dormancy induced growth rings in Heritiera fomes Buch.- Ham.: a proxy for exploring the dynamics of Sundarbans, Bangladesh. Trees 30, 227–239 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1292-2

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