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Changes in plant functional traits and water use in Atlantic rainforest: evidence of conservative water use in spatio-temporal scales

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An Erratum to this article was published on 23 February 2017

Abstract

Key message

Relationship between sap flow and functional traits changes with altitude and changes in water availability can impose a conservative water use in woody species of tropical rainforest.

Abstract

Using a trait-based approach, we have identified that tropical trees are vulnerable to decreases in water availability, especially in montane areas, where higher radiation and vapor pressure deficits lead to higher water loss from trees. Changes to functional traits are useful descriptors of the response of species to variation in resource availability and environmental conditions. However, how these trait-environment relationships change with altitude remains unclear. We investigated changes in xylem sap flow along an altitudinal variation and evaluated the contribution of morphological traits to total plant water use. We hypothesize that (1) at the Montane forest, plant species will show a more conservative water use and (2) seasonally, there will be a much greater increase in conservative water use during the dry season at the Lowland site, since the climate conditions in the Montane site impose constraints to water use throughout the year. Remarkably, although water is assumed to be a non-limiting resource for Atlantic rainforest in general, we observed ecophysiological adjustments for more conservative water use in Montane forest. Our findings demonstrate that changes to water supply and demand as determined by rainfall, VPD and soil water storage can impose restrictions to water loss which differ across spatio-temporal scales. We suggest that the next steps for research in Montane forest should focus on traits related to hydraulic failure and carbon starvation to address the question whether the higher conservative water use observed at the Montane Forest translates into a higher or lower susceptibility to intensification of drought which might arise due to climate change.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Kathy Steppe for organizing the 9th International Workshop on Sap Flow, which prompted the publication of this paper. We thank both reviewers for good critiques and suggestions which improved the paper. We thank E. McLean, P. Grierson and E. Veneklaas for good discussions, A.T.C. Dias and G.R. Winck for helping with some statistical analysis and H. Rocha and H. Freitas for providing rainfall data (FAPESP 08/58120-3). Special thanks go to A. Downey and A. Arias, from ICT International Pty Ltd, and R. Belinello for the great technical support. The authors were supported by grants from CNPq and the Biota-FAPESP Program - Projeto Temático Gradiente Funcional (03/12595-7). COTEC/IF 41.065/2005 and IBAMA/CGEN 093/2005.

Conflict of interest

SSOB has a commercial interest in the sap flow sensors used in this study but declares that this did not influence any decisions made in the course of this research. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ecologia, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Bruno H. P. Rosado

  2. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, IB, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Carlos A. Joly & Rafael S. Oliveira

  3. School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

    Stephen S. O. Burgess

  4. Centro de Pesquisa em Ecologia e Fisiologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Marcos P. M. Aidar

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  1. Bruno H. P. Rosado
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  4. Rafael S. Oliveira
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Correspondence to Bruno H. P. Rosado.

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Communicated by A. Braeuning.

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-017-1527-5.

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Rosado, B.H.P., Joly, C.A., Burgess, S.S.O. et al. Changes in plant functional traits and water use in Atlantic rainforest: evidence of conservative water use in spatio-temporal scales. Trees 30, 47–61 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1165-8

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