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Branch cuvettes as means of ozone risk assessment in adult forest tree crowns: combining experimental and modelling capacities

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Abstract

The branch autonomy principle has been referred to extensively for using branch cuvettes as a technique of studying ozone (O3) effects within the canopy of adult forest trees. However, this principle may not hold in general regarding biochemical interactions between O3-impacted branches exposed inside cuvettes and neighbouring crown parts under the unchanged ambient O3 regime. After reviewing relevant cuvette studies conducted to date, we will provide evidence that cuvette-exposed branches may serve, given awareness of outlined pre-requisites and restrictions, as surrogates for examining the crown-level response of trees to elevated O3 regimes. Such a conclusion is based on the defence metabolism of branches, which seems to be autonomous to some extent from neighbouring crown sections. Cuvette studies may, therefore, be used to derive dose response functions as measures of O3 sensitivity. On such grounds, also validation and improvement of stomatal O3 uptake modelling becomes feasible. The branch-level approach, however, does not substitute whole-tree free-air O3 fumigation and related flux assessments, as branches in view of representativeness and boundary layer characteristics represent one stage in scaling O3 flux between leaf and tree level. Branch level-based flux scaling should be backed, therefore, by independent trunk sap-flow assessment techniques that offer derivation of FO3 at the whole-tree level.

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Notes

  1. Conversion factors for O3 from nl l−1 into µg m−3 (F) and vice versa (B) as dependent from altitudinal changes in mean annual air pressure (P) and mean annual air temperature (T). From Bucher et al. (1986).

     

    Altitude (m)

    P (hPa)

    T (°C)

    F

    B

    0

    1,013

    12

    2.05

    0.49

    500

    950

    9

    1.95

    0.51

    1,000

    900

    6

    1.86

    0.54

    1,500

    850

    3

    1.78

    0.56

    2,000

    800

    0

    1.69

    0.59

    2,500

    750

    −3

    1.60

    0.62

    3,000

    700

    −6

    1.51

    0.66

    Conversion factor from nl l−1 into µg m−3:

    F = (M w/22.4) × (T 0/T) × (p/p 0)

    M w = molecular weight for O3 = 48 g

    22.4 = gas volume

    T 0 = 273.15 K

    T = air temperature in K

    p = actual air pressure in hPa

    p 0 = 1013.25 hPa.

  2. LRTAP Convention (2010): “The projected leaf area (PLA, m2) is the total area of the sides of the leaves that are projected towards the sun. PLA is in contrast to the total leaf are, which considers both sides of the leaves. For horizontal leaves the total leaf area is simple 2 × PLA.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Alpine Timberline Ecophysiology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Rennweg 1, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Gerhard Wieser

  2. Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Rainer Matyssek

  3. University of Applied Sciences, Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde (FH), Botanical Garden, Am Zainhammer 5, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany

    Bernhard Götz

  4. Department of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Ludger Grünhage

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  1. Gerhard Wieser
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  2. Rainer Matyssek
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  3. Bernhard Götz
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  4. Ludger Grünhage
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Correspondence to Gerhard Wieser.

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Communicated by F. Mohren.

Special topic: Integrating Modeling and Experiment.

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Wieser, G., Matyssek, R., Götz, B. et al. Branch cuvettes as means of ozone risk assessment in adult forest tree crowns: combining experimental and modelling capacities. Trees 26, 1703–1712 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0715-6

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