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Flower bud differentiation and development in fruiting and non-fruiting shoots in relation to fruit set in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

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Abstract

Situations of high flower bud drop and low fruit set without apparent causes are common in fruit trees. The term flower quality has been coined to explain differences among flowers in their capacity to set fruit, but the causes underpinning these differences are largely unknown. This lack of knowledge is based on the fact that these differences are established a posteriori and there are no criteria to determine a priori what will make a flower to set a fruit or to drop. In this work, we profit from the empirical knowledge that there are fruiting and non-fruiting shoots to explore to which extent flower bud differentiation and bud development will affect the subsequent fruit set. For this purpose, the processes from flower bud differentiation to fruit set were sequentially analyzed in both types of shoots, over 2 years. More than half of the buds from long shoots aborted development and dropped before flowering. At anthesis, most of the remaining flowers showed underdeveloped pistils that failed to sustain pollen germination or pollen tube growth along the pistil. This unsuccessful development resulted in clear differences in fruit set between both types of branches. These results highlight that flower bud differentiation and development play an important role for fruit set and that developmental timing appears critical to reach anthesis with a fully developed pistil.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to two anonymous referees who made excellent suggestions that helped to substantially improve the manuscript. We thank Rosa Fustero and Reyes López for technical assistance. Financial support for this research was provided by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación—EU-FEDER (CICYT AGL2006-13529-CO2-00, AGL2009-12621-C02-00), Gobierno de Aragón (Grupo de Excelencia de Aragón A-43), and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (Doctoral fellowship INIA2003-8 to C.J.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Fruticultura, CITA-DGA, Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Saragossa, Spain

    Carme Julian & Javier Rodrigo

  2. Departamento de Pomología, EEAD-CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain

    Carme Julian & Maria Herrero

Authors
  1. Carme Julian
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  2. Maria Herrero
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  3. Javier Rodrigo
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Correspondence to Javier Rodrigo.

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Communicated by D. Treutter.

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Julian, C., Herrero, M. & Rodrigo, J. Flower bud differentiation and development in fruiting and non-fruiting shoots in relation to fruit set in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Trees 24, 833–841 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-010-0453-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-010-0453-6

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