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Blood pressure variability during pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with acute kidney injury

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Abstract

Background

Blood pressure variability (BPV), defined as the degree of variation between discrete blood pressure readings, is associated with poor outcomes in acute care settings. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children. No studies have yet assessed the association between intraoperative BPV during cardiac surgery with CPB and the development of AKI in children.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of children undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB was performed. Intraoperative BPV was calculated using average real variability (ARV) and standard deviation (SD). Multiple regression models were used to examine the association between BPV and outcomes of AKI, hospital and intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay, and length of mechanical ventilation.

Results

Among 231 patients (58% males, median age 8.6 months) reviewed, 51.5% developed AKI (47.9% Stage I, 41.2% Stage II, 10.9% Stage III). In adjusted models, systolic and diastolic ARV were associated with development of any stage AKI (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.08–1.8 and OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.05–1.8, respectively). Greater diastolic SD was associated with longer PICU length of stay (β 0.94, 95% CI 0.62–1.2). When stratified by age, greater systolic ARV and SD were associated with AKI in infants ≤ 12 months, but there was no relationship in children > 12 months.

Conclusions

Greater BPV during cardiac surgery with CPB was associated with development of postoperative AKI in infants, suggesting that BPV is a potentially modifiable risk factor for AKI in this high-risk population.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, 269-01 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA

    Jennifer E. Fishbein

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, 269-01 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA

    Matthew Barone, Kalliopi Grammatikopoulos & Christine B. Sethna

  3. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, 269-01 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA

    James B. Schneider & Adnan Bakar

  4. Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, 269-01 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA

    David B. Meyer

  5. Department of Anesthesiology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, 269-01 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA

    John Hagen

  6. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, 269-01 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY, 11040, USA

    Christine B. Sethna

Authors
  1. Jennifer E. Fishbein
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  8. Christine B. Sethna
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christine B. Sethna.

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This retrospective chart review was conducted from data obtained for clinical purposes. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Northwell Health.

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Formal consent was waived for this study by the Institutional Review Board of Northwell Health.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Fishbein, J.E., Barone, M., Schneider, J.B. et al. Blood pressure variability during pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 37, 871–879 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05234-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05234-1

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