References
Yu M, Robinson K, Siegel C, Menias C (2017) Complicated genitourinary tract infections and mimics. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 46:74e83
Udare A, Abreu-Gomez J, Krishna S, McInnes M, Siegelman E, Schieda N (2019) Imaging manifestations of acute and chronic renal ınfection that mimics malignancy: how to make the diagnosis using computed tomography and magnetic resonance ımaging. Can Assoc Radiol J 70:424–433
Çaliskan S, Özsoy E, Kaba S, Koca O, Öztürk MI (2016) Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Arch Iran Med 19:712–714
Verswijvel G, Vandecaveye V, Gelin G, Vandevenne J et al (2002) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the evaluation of renal infection: preliminary results. JBR-BTR 85:100–103
Bitsori M, Raissaki M, Maraki S, Galanakis E (2015) Acute focal bacterial nephritis, pyonephrosis and renal abscess in children. Pediatr Nephrol 30:1987–1993
Cheng CH, Tsau YK, Hsu SY, Lee TL (2004) Effective ultrasonographic predictor for the diagnosis of acute lobar nephronia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:11–14
Cheng CH, Tsai MH, Su LH, Wang CR, Lo WC, Tsau YK, Lin GJ, Huang YC, Chiu CH, Lin TY (2008) Renal abscess in children: a 10-year clinical and radiologic experience in a tertiary medical center. Pediatr Infect Dis J 27:1025–1030
Erfidan G, Alaygut D, Soyaltın E, Başaran C, Arslansoyu Çamlar S, Mutlubaş F, Kasap Demir B (2020) Urinary tract infection that a pediatric nephrologist must keep in mind: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 35:795–797
Huang JJ, Tseng CC (2000) Emphysematous pyelonephritis: clinicoradiological classification, management, prognosis, and pathogenesis. Arch Intern Med 160:797–805
Ubee SS, McGlynn L, Fordham M (2011) Emphysematous pyelonephritis. BJU Int 107:1474–1478
Grupper M, Kravtsov A, Potasman I (2007) Emphysematous cystitis: illustrative case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 86:47–53
Ronald A, Ludwig E (2001) Urinary tract infections in adults with diabetes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 17:287–292
Thomas AA, Lane BR, Thomas AZ, Remer EM et al (2007) Emphysematous cystitis: a review of 135 cases. BJU Int 100:17–20
Kelly HA, Mac Cullum WG (1898) Pneumaturia. JAMA 31:375–381
Pode D, Perlberg S, Fine H (1985) Emphysematous renal and perirenal infection in nondiabetic patient. Urology 26:313–315
Fernandes LP, Sajwany MJ, Derweesh A (1998) Emphysematous pyelonephritis and cytitis associated with bilateral pelviureteric junction obstruction: a case report. J Pediatr Surg 33:739–740
Al-Makadma AS, Al-Akash SI (2005) An unusual case of pyelonephritis in a pediatric renal transplant recipent. Pediatr Transplant 9:258–260
Siddique K, Seikaly MG (2013) Emphysematous pyelonephritis in an infant. Pediatr Infect Dis J 32:1157–1158
Ambaram PR, Kala UK, Petersen KL (2016) Emphysematous pyelonephritis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 35:1159–1161
Gross IT, Ford R (2016) Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a child with nephrolithiasis. J Pediatr 168:250–250.e1
Yang WH, Shen NC (1990) Gas-forming infection of the urinary tract: an investigation of fermentation as a mechanism. J Urol 143:960–964
Yao J, Gutierrez OM, Reiser J (2007) Emphysematous pyelonephritis. Kidney Int 71:462–465
Wan YL, Lee TY, Bullard MJ, Tsai CC (1996) Acute gas producing bacterial renal infection: correlation between imaging findings and clinicasl outcome. Radiology 198:433–438
Kapoor R, Muruganandham K, Gulia AK, Singla M, Agrawal S, Mandhani A et al (2010) Predictive factors for mortality and need for nephrectomy in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis. BJU Int 105:986–989
Sun JN, Zhang BL, Yu HY, Wang B (2015) Severe emphysematous pyelonephritis mimicking intestinal obstruction. Am J Emerg Med 33:1846.e3–1846.e6
Falagas ME, Alexiou VG, Giannopoulou KP, Siempos II (2007) Risk factors for mortality in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: a meta-analysis. J Urol 178:880–885
Park BS, Lee SJ, Kim YW, Huh JS et al (2006) Outcome of nephrectomy and kidney-preserving procedures for the treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Scand J Urol Nephrol 40:332–338
Somani BK, Nabi G, Thorpe P, Hussey J et al (2008) Is percutaneous drainage the new gold standard in the management of emphysematous pyelonephritis? Evidence from a systematic review. J Urol 179:1844–1849
Cheng CH, Tsau YK, Lin TZ (2006) Effective duration of antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of acute lobar nephronia. Pediatrics 117:e84–e89
Elawdy MM, Osman Y, Abouelkheir RT, El-Halwagy S et al (2019) Emphysematous pyelonephritis treatment strategies in correlation to the CT classification: have the current experience and prognosis changed? Int Urol Nephrol 51:1709–1713
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This refers to the article that can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05090-z.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alaygut, D., Özdemir-Şimşek, Ö., Sarioglu, F.C. et al. Unexpected cause and successful management of typical urinary tract ınfection symptoms: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 36, 3647–3651 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05091-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05091-y