References
Bockenhauer D, Bichet DG (2015) Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nat Rev Nephrol 11(10):576–588
Sebti Y, Rabbani M, Mir Mohammad Sadeghi H, Sardari H, Ghahremani MH, Innamorati G (2015) Effect of mutations in putative hormone binding sites on V2 vasopressin receptor function. Res Pharm Sci 10(3):259–267
Færch M, Christensen JH, Rittig S, Johansson J-O, Gregersen N, de Zegher F, Thomas Corydon TJ (2009) Diverse vasopressin V2 receptor functionality underlying partial congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 27:F1518–F1525
Faerch M, Christensen JH, Corydon RJ, Kameris K, de Zegher F, GregersenN RGL, Rittig S (2008) Partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a novem mutation in the AVPR2 gene. Clin Endocrinol 68(3):395–403
Bichet DG, Bockenhauer D (2016) Genetic forms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI): vasopressin receptor defect (X-linked) and aquaporin defect (autosomal recessive and dominant). Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 30(2):263–76
Valenti G, Tamma G (2016) History of Diabetes Insipidus. G Ital Nefrol 33(S66) pii: gin/33.S66.1
Saifan C, NasrR MS, Acharya PS, Perrera I, Faddoul G, NalluriN KM, Azzi Y, El-Sayegh S (2013) Diabetes insipidus: a challenging diagnosis with new drug therapies. ISRN Nephrol doi:10.5402/2013/797620
Rees L, Brogan P, Bockenhauer D, Webb N (2012) Paediatric nephrology 2/e (Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Paediatrics), page 157
Dabrowski E, Kadakia R, Zimmerman D (2016) Diabetes insipidus in infants and children. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 30(2):317–328
Yamashita S, Hata A, Usui T, Oda H, Hijikata A, Shirai T, Kaneko N, Hata D (2016) Novel AVPR2 mutation causing partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a Japanese family. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 29(5):591–596
Neocleous V, Skordis N, Shammas C, Efstathiou E, Mastroyiannopoulos NP, Phylactou LA (2012) Identification and characterization of a novel X-linked AVPR2 mutation causing partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a case report and review of the literature. Metabolism 61(7):922–930
Inaba S, Hatakeyama H, Taniguchi N, Miyamori I (2001) The property of a novel V2 receptor mutant in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:381–385
Moses AM, Clayton B (1993) Impairment of osmotically stimulated AVP release in patients with primary polydipsia. Am J Physiol 265(6 Pt 2):R1247
Hildebrandt F, Zhou W (2007) Nephronophthisis-associated ciliopathies. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:1855–1871
Knoers NV (2006) Gitelman syndrome. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 13(2):148–154
Benigno V, Canonica CS, Bettinelli A, von Vigier TO, Truttmann AC, Bianchetti MG (2000) Hypomagnesaemia–hypercalciuria–nephrocalcinosis: a report of nine cases and a review. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15(5):605–610
Morello JP, Bichet DG (2001) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Annu Rev Physiol 63:607–630
Van Lieburg AF, Knoers NV, Monnens LA (1999) Clinical presentation and follow-up of 30 patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1958–1964
Nomura Y, Onigata K, Nagashima T, Yutani S, Mochizuki H, Nagashima K, Morikawa A (1997) Detection of skewed X-inactivation in two female carriers of vasopressin type 2 receptor gene mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(10):3434–3437
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they do not have conflict of interest.
Additional information
This article refers to the article that can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-016-3441-2.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Keenswijk, W., Walle, J.V. A 4-year-old boy presenting with persistent urinary incontinence: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 32, 769–771 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-016-3442-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-016-3442-1