References
Khairallah W, Fawaz A, Brown EM, El-Hajj Fuleihan G (2013) Hypercalcemia and diabetes insipidus in a patient previously treated with lithium. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 3(7):397–404
American Thoracic Society (1999) The joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), The European Respiratory Society (ERS), and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG). Statement on Sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160(2):736–755
Greger R, Schlatter E (1983) Properties of the basolateral membrane of the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop of rabbit kidney: a model for secondary active chloride transport. Pflfigers Archiv 396:325–334
Gamba G, Friedman PA (2009) Thick ascending limb: the Na(+):K (+):2Cl (−) co-transporter, NKCC2, and the calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR. Pflugers Arch 458(1):61–76
Amlal H, Legoff C, Vernimmen C, Paillard M, Bichara M (1996) Na(+)-K + (NH4+)-2Cl- cotransport in medullary thick ascending limb: control by PKA, PKC, and 20-HETE. Am J Physiol 271:C455–C463
Wang D, An S, Wang W (2001) CaR-mediated COX-2 expression in primary cultured mTAL cells. Am J Physiol 281:F658–F664
Sands JM, Naruse M, Baum M, Jo I, Hebert SC, Brown EM, Harris HW (1997) Apical extracellular calcium/polyvalent cation-sensing receptor regulates vasopressin-elicited water permeability in rat kidney inner medullary collecting duct. J Clin Invest 99:1399–1405
Earm JH, Christensen BM, Frøkiaer J, Marples D, Han JS, Knepper MA, Nielsen S (1998) Decreased aquaporin-2 expression and apical plasma membrane delivery in kidney collecting ducts of polyuric hypercalcaemic rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 9(12):2181–2193
Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS (2007) Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med 357(21):2153–2165
Pattishall EN, Kendig EL Jr (1996) Sarcoidosis in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 22(3):195–203
Milman N, Hoffmann AL (2008) Childhood sarcoidosis: long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J 31(3):592–598
Sharma OP (1999) Fatigue and sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J13(4):713–714
Rizzato G, Palmieri G, Agrati AM, Zanussi C (2004) The organ-specific extrapulmonary presentation of sarcoidosis: a frequent occurrence but a challenge to an early diagnosis. A 3-year-long prospective observational study. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 21:119–126
Rizzato G, Tinelli C (2005) Unusual presentation of sarcoidosis. Respiration 72(1):3–6
Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, Rossman MD, Yeager H Jr, Bresnitz EA, DePalo L, Hunninghake G, Iannuzzi MC, Johns CJ, McLennan G, Moller DR, Newman LS, Rabin DL, Rose C, Rybicki B, Weinberger SE, Terrin ML, Knatterud GL, Cherniak R, Case control etiologic study of sarcoidosis (ACCESS) research group (2001) Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:1885–1889
Adams JS, Singer FR, Gacad MA, Sharma OP, Hayes MJ, Vouros P, Holick MF (1985) Isolation and structural identification of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 produced by cultured alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 60:960–966
Insogna KL, Dreyer BE, Mitnick M, Ellison AF, Broadus AE (1988) Enhanced production rate of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in sarcoidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66:72–75
Hosking DJ, Cowley A, Bucknall CA (1981) Rehydration in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia. Q J Med 50:473–481
Suki WN, Yium JJ, Von Minden M, Saller-Hebert C, Eknoyan G, Martinez-Maldonado M (1970) Acute treatment of hypercalcemia with furosemide. N Engl J Med 283(16):836–840
Dahl K, Canetta PA, D’Agati VD, Radhakrishnan J (2008) A 56-year-old woman with sarcoidosis and acute renal failure. Kidney Int 74:817–821
Casella FJ, Allon M (1993) The kidney in sarcoidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 3(9):1555–1562
Mahévas M, Lescure FX, Boffa J-J, Delastour V, Belenfant X, Chapelon C, Cordonnier C, Makdassi R, Piette JC, Naccache JM, Cadranel J, Duhaut P, Choukroun G, Ducroix JP, Valeyre D (2009) Renal sarcoidosis: clinical, laboratory, and histologic presentation and outcome in 47 patients. Medicine 88:98–106
Bilezikian JP (1993) Clinical review 51: management of hypercalcemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77(6):1445–1449
Berenson JR (2002) Treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy with bisphosphonates. Semin Oncol 29:12–18
Aouizerate J, Matignon M, Kamar N, Thervet E, Randoux C, Moulin B, Raffray L, Buchler M, Villar E, Mahevas M, Desvaux D, Dahan K, Diet C, Audard V, Lang P, Grimbert P (2010) Renal transplantation in patients with sarcoidosis: a French multicenter study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5(11):2101–2108
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article refers to the article that can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-013-2708-0.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Teoh, C.W., Gill, I., Haydar, R. et al. A rare cause of hypercalcemia: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 30, 921–924 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-013-2707-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-013-2707-1